Nokea
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) may be prescribed to:
- A. Decrease the incidence of beriberi
- B. Reduce headaches and migraines
- C. Prevent pernicious anemia
- D. Treat hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Riboflavin has been used to reduce migraine frequency, though evidence is limited.
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The hypoglycemic mechanism of action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazon is:
- A. They are peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPAR-Y) ligands and enhance absorption of glucose and fatty acid
- B. Enhance closure of ATP sensitive K+ channels and entrance of calcium in intracellular efflux via Ca2+ channels
- C. Decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver
- D. Increase tyrosine kinase activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone activate PPAR-gamma, improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in tissues.
The patient is a 6-year-old child who is taking 125 mg of amoxicillin every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of Amoxicillin is 3 hours, how much Amoxicillin would be in the child's body at the time of the next administration of the drug?
- A. 62.5 mg
- B. 46.875 mg
- C. 31.25 mg
- D. 15.625 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to 1 half the peak level it previously achieved. Option A would occur at 3 hours after the original dose of amoxicillin. Option B would occur 4½ hours after the original dose. Option C would occur at 6 hours after the original dose. Option D would occur at 7½ hours after the original dose.
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 650 mg PO every 6 hr PRN for pain. The amount available is acetaminophen liquid 500 mg/5 mL. how many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 6.5
- B. 5
- C. 4.8
- D. 6
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calculation: 650 mg ÷ (500 mg/5 mL) = 6.5 mL, matching the answer.
The first laboratory value indication that vitamin B12 therapy is adequately treating pernicious anemia is:
- A. Hematocrit levels start to rise
- B. Hemoglobin levels return to normal
- C. Reticulocyte count begins to rise
- D. Vitamin B12 levels return to normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reticulocyte count rise signals early bone marrow response to B12, preceding hemoglobin or hematocrit increases.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the process of drug development in the United States. The students demonstrate understanding of this process when they identify that which of the following categories are assigned by the Food and Drug Administration to newly approved drugs?Select one that does not apply
- A. Metabolite
- B. controlled substance
- C. Prescription
- D. Nonprescription
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Once drugs are approved for use, the FDA assigns the drug to one of the following categories: prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substance. Metabolite refers to the inactive form of the drug. Noncontrolled substance is a term that is not used.