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What actions can nurses take to help prevent drug errors? Select all that apply.
- A. Rechecking all calculations
- B. Always administering the drug before answering any of the client's questions
- C. Avoiding distractions and concentrating on only one task at a time
- D. Confirming any questionable orders
- E. Practicing the five+ 1 rights of drug administration
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: In addition to following the five+ 1 rights of drug administration, a nurse can employ the following strategies to aid in the prevention of drug errors: confirm any questionable orders; when calculations are necessary, verify them with another nurse; listen to the client when he or she questions a drug, the dosage, or the drug regimen; never administer the drug until the client's questions have been adequately researched; and avoid distractions and concentrate on only one task at a time.
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How can the nurse ensure correct patient identification for an unresponsive patient?
- A. By waking him up to ask him his name
- B. By identifying the patient's room number
- C. By checking the patient's wristband
- D. By asking the nursing assistant for the patient's location
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should identify a patient by checking his wristband, which has the patient's name. The nurse should not ask the patient to confirm his name, because some patients, particularly those who are confused or have difficulty hearing, may respond by answering yes. Additionally, this patient is unresponsive. The nurse can obtain the patient's location by asking any other member of the health care staff, but should verify the patient's identity by checking the wristband. The nurse should not rely on the patient's room number alone.
What is considered a unit dose system? Select all that apply.
- A. Floor stock bottle of aspirin 81 mg
- B. A prefilled Lovenox syringe
- C. One Phenergan suppository
- D. Floor stock bottle of ibuprofen suspension
- E. Single-dose cup of Maalox
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Examples of unit dose medications include a package that contains one tablet or capsule, a premeasured amount of a liquid drug, a prefilled syringe, or one suppository.
The five+ 1 rights of drug administration include which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Right documentation
- B. Right patient
- C. Right route
- D. Right drug
- E. Right prescriber
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: The five+ 1 rights of drug administration include: right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation.
What action is most important to minimize tissue damage when administering subcutaneous heparin?
- A. Insert the needle at the appropriate angle
- B. Select the needle length based on the patient's weight
- C. Ensure that there is no hair on the injection site
- D. Rotate the injection site regularly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should rotate the injection sites to minimize the damage caused to the tissue. Inserting the needle at the proper angle and selecting the needle length based on the patient's weight will not significantly help in minimizing tissue damage if the same site is repeatedly injected. It is not necessary to avoid injection sites that have hair as long as the drug is administered in the upper arms, the upper abdomen, and the upper back.
What must be included in a primary health care provider's medication order? Select all that apply.
- A. Client's name
- B. Drug name
- C. Dosage form
- D. Route of administration
- E. Frequency of administration
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: A primary health care provider's order must include the client's name, the drug name, the dosage form and route, the dosage to be administered, and the frequency of administration.