Nokea
What activities best describe the work of the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. surrounding and cushioning the fetus
- B. combining maternal and fetal blood stores to exchange nutrients
- C. producing hormones that maintain the pregnancy
- D. absorbing vitamins and minerals that can be transferred to the fetus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The placenta plays a crucial role in producing hormones that are necessary for maintaining pregnancy, supporting fetal development, and preparing the mother's body for childbirth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the placenta's primary function is not to surround and cushion the fetus, combine blood stores for nutrient exchange, or absorb vitamins and minerals. While the placenta does facilitate the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and fetus, its hormone production is the most critical function during pregnancy.
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What is the desirable resting systolic blood pressure for adults?
- A. <130 mmHg>
- B. <105 mmHg>
- C. <120 mmHg>
- D. <140 mmHg>
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The desirable resting systolic blood pressure for adults is less than 120 mmHg. This blood pressure is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Measurements higher than 120 mmHg (choices A and D) indicate elevated blood pressure, which can lead to hypertension and other health complications if not managed. A reading of less than 105 mmHg (choice B) could indicate low blood pressure, which also poses health risks such as dizziness and fainting.
A patient on a low-sodium diet should avoid which of the following foods?
- A. Fresh fruits
- B. Unsalted nuts
- C. Canned soup
- D. Plain rice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Canned soup is the correct answer. Canned soups are often high in sodium due to added salt and should be avoided on a low-sodium diet. Fresh fruits (Choice A) are typically low in sodium and a good choice for a low-sodium diet. Unsalted nuts (Choice B) are also low in sodium and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Plain rice (Choice D) is a low-sodium food and can be part of a low-sodium diet.
Which of the following is NOT required on a food label or nutrition facts panel?
- A. Nutrition facts panel
- B. Ingredients in descending order by weight
- C. The % RDA of ALL the vitamins and minerals in the product
- D. Essential warnings, such as common allergies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to food labeling regulations, every food label or nutrition facts panel must include a nutrition facts panel, list of ingredients in descending order by weight, and essential warnings such as common allergies. However, it is not mandatory to list the % Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of ALL the vitamins and minerals in the product. Only certain vitamins and minerals, deemed significant to public health, are required to be listed. Therefore, the notion that the % RDA of ALL vitamins and minerals must be displayed is incorrect. Choices A, B, and D are required elements on a food label, making them incorrect answers.
The purpose of the health history is to identify health-related considerations and medications that may cause nutritional risk. Many medications, such as prednisone, have drug-nutrient interactions that can influence nutrient needs.
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both statements are true. The health history aims to uncover health-related factors that could pose nutritional risks, including medications like prednisone that may have interactions affecting nutrient requirements. Choice B is incorrect as both statements are accurate, emphasizing the significance of health history in assessing nutritional concerns.
Which systolic blood pressure measurement is classified as prehypertension?
- A. 106 mmHg
- B. 119 mmHg
- C. 130 mmHg
- D. 141 mmHg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to the blood pressure classification, a systolic blood pressure between 120-139 mmHg is considered prehypertension. This range indicates an increased risk for developing hypertension if not managed appropriately. Therefore, a systolic blood pressure of 119 mmHg falls into the prehypertension category. A systolic pressure of 106 mmHg is within the normal range, while 130 mmHg and above would be classified as stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension respectively, not prehypertension.