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The most important factor in any highway safety program is the responsible citizen-driver: YOU. Since you are a consumer, drive a car, vote, and pay taxes, you are a power to be considered. Your voice can Influence legislation at the federal, state, and local government levels. You can insist on better roads and safer cars by being a consumer advocate.
Your attitude about driving affects your making safe driving decisions while on the road. Your immediate concern, however, should be to drive safely in a property Inspected car, wear a safety belt, and never mix liquor with driving.
What appears to be the author's motive for writing the paragraph?
- A. Get people personally involved with traffic safety
- B. Criticize car manufacturers
- C. Advocate for stricter traffic laws
- D. Emphasize the importance of new car technology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The paragraph emphasizes personal responsibility and involvement in highway safety, urging the reader to be an active participant in advocating for better roads and safer cars. This aligns with choice A, as the primary focus is on engaging individuals to take action and make a difference in traffic safety through their consumer choices and civic engagement. Choices B, C, and D are not supported by the content of the paragraph, as it does not criticize car manufacturers, advocate for stricter laws, or emphasize new car technology, making them incorrect answers.
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Which statement is a fact about greenhouses?
- A. Greenhouses create tropical conditions at nurseries.
- B. Greenhouses are only used for growing rare plants.
- C. Greenhouses are a waste of resources and are never used in nurseries.
- D. Greenhouses make all plants grow faster without any exceptions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greenhouses are structures designed to create specific environmental conditions suitable for plant growth, including mimicking tropical conditions in nurseries. This makes choice A a factual statement about greenhouses. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they present inaccurate or overly generalized claims about the purpose and effectiveness of greenhouses.
Foodborne illnesses are contracted by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Harmful chemicals can also cause foodborne illnesses if they have contaminated food during harvesting or processing. Foodborne illnesses can cause symptoms ranging from upset stomach to diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Most foodborne infections are undiagnosed and unreported, though the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that every year about 76 million people in the United States become ill from pathogens in food. About 5,000 of these people die. Harmful bacteria are the most common cause of foodborne illness. Some bacteria may be present at the point of purchase. Raw foods are the most common source of foodborne illnesses because they are not sterile; examples include raw meat and poultry contaminated during slaughter. Seafood may become contaminated during harvest or processing. One in 10,000 eggs may be contaminated with Salmonella inside the shell. Produce, such as spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sprouts, and melons, can become contaminated with Salmonella, Shigella, or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Contamination can occur during growing, harvesting, processing, storing, shipping, or final preparation. Sources of produce contamination vary, as these foods are grown in soil and can become contaminated during growth, processing, or distribution. Contamination may also occur during food preparation in a restaurant or a home kitchen. The most common form of contamination from handled foods is the calicivirus, also called the Norwalk-like virus. When food is cooked and left out for more than two hours at room temperature, bacteria can multiply quickly. Most bacteria don’t produce an odor or change in color or texture, so they can be impossible to detect. Freezing food slows or stops bacteria’s growth but does not destroy the bacteria. The microbes can become reactivated when the food is thawed. Refrigeration also can slow the growth of some bacteria. Thorough cooking is required to destroy the bacteria.
What is the main subject of the passage?
- A. foodborne illnesses
- B. the dangers of uncooked food
- C. bacteria
- D. proper food preparation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The main subject of the passage is foodborne illnesses, as it extensively covers how they are contracted, symptoms they can cause, common sources of contamination, and preventive measures like thorough cooking. While the text mentions bacteria and proper food preparation as related topics, the primary focus is on foodborne illnesses caused by various contaminants.
The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues.
Knowing that the cooling of water vapor results in condensation, one could conclude that ______ is a factor in the evaporation process.
- A. Humidity
- B. Heat
- C. Electrons
- D. Runoff
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heat. The process of evaporation involves the conversion of liquid water into water vapor, which requires heat energy to break the bonds between water molecules. When water vapor cools, it condenses back into liquid form. Therefore, the presence of heat is a crucial factor in the evaporation process, as it provides the energy needed for water molecules to escape into the air as vapor.
Nurseries: If you thought nurseries were just for babies, well, think again! Being special kinds of farms, nurseries are used to raise plants in mass quantities. Plants, trees, and shrubs are typically grown in nurseries and then sold to farmers and gardeners to plant in homes, businesses, and farms. Most nurseries are found in the more rural parts of the country because much land is required to have a viable nursery. If a nursery sells plants to others, it must obtain a special permit from the local city or county, which keeps the competition fair and does not saturate the market with a large number of nurseries selling similar products.
Also on the grounds of nurseries are greenhouses which are made of glass or plastic panes that protect the plants from weather elements that may harm them and cause them not to grow and develop. The glass panels in greenhouses allow for sunlight to enter and moisture to be trapped inside. This creates a tropical environment which allows orchids and poinsettias to grow. It ensures that vegetables and fruits will grow large, which makes them valuable to farmers.
Why does a nursery that sells plants need a special permit?
- A. Operating in bad weather requires a special permit.
- B. The nursery owners need to be controlled.
- C. Too many nurseries mean not enough buyers for the plants that need to be sold.
- D. It is illegal to have nurseries in some states.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Too many nurseries mean not enough buyers for the plants that need to be sold. This is because if there are too many nurseries selling similar products in a specific area, it can lead to oversaturation of the market, resulting in a surplus of plants and not enough demand from buyers. This can negatively impact the sales and profitability of the nurseries.
Rationale:
1. Operating in bad weather requires a special permit (Choice A) is incorrect because the need for a special permit is not related to weather conditions.
2. The nursery owners need to be controlled (Choice B) is incorrect because the special permit is not about controlling the owners but rather about regulating the number of nurseries to maintain market balance.
3. It is illegal to have nurseries in some states (Choice D) is incorrect because the passage does not mention any legal restrictions on having nurseries; the need for a special permit is more about market regulation.
Blood Pressure Regulators
The body is composed of systems that have evolved and diversified in order to maintain the natural functions and processes they regulate. One such system that has these regulators is the bodyĆ¢Ä‚¬Ä„¢s cardiovascular system. The bodyĆ¢Ä‚¬Ä„¢s pump, which regulates the flow of vitally needed oxygen to all cells of the body, as well as the discard of carbon dioxide and other waste products, is the heart.
Because blood pressure varies at different points within the body, differing components are needed to keep the bodyĆ¢Ä‚¬Ä„¢s blood pressure regulated. Three of the basic components are baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
Baroreceptors are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings and are contained along the walls of the arteries near the heart and in other areas of the body as well. Impulses are related to this stretching along the arterial walls, which causes these baroreceptors to send out even more impulses to the heart, arteries, and veins, causing the blood pressure to go either up or down.
Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes in oxygen level, carbon dioxide, and pH. Just think! A fall in oxygen causes receptors to send impulses to raise the blood pressure.
The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and water and removing wastes. Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex cause the kidney to keep or let go of any salt and water. This has an influence on blood volume and consequently on blood pressure.
Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
- A. Baroreceptors are stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings and are contained along the walls of the arteries near the heart and in other areas of the body.
- B. Chemoreceptors are located along the walls of the arteries and monitor changes in oxygen level, carbon dioxide, and pH.
- C. The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure by absorbing salts and water.
- D. The heart is the body's pump, which regulates the flow of vitally needed oxygen to all cells of the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the statement incorrectly describes baroreceptors as 'rigid and static,' whereas the passage describes them as 'stretch receptors composed of fine branching nerve endings.' The passage details that baroreceptors are contained along the walls of the arteries near the heart and in other areas of the body, and they send out messages related to stretching along the arterial walls. Choices B, C, and D are all details directly supported by the passage, making them incorrect answers to the question.