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What approaches should the nurse suggest for introducing a toddler to new foods? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Serve one food at a time.
- B. Avoid showing personal likes or dislikes.
- C. Offer foods in small amounts, less than a teaspoon.
- D. Entice the toddler to eat with sweets.
- E. Serve food warm.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Foods should be introduced in small, warm servings, one food at a time. Sweets and milk should not be offered until after solid food.
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A mother tells her 4-year-old child that balls should be played with outside and not inside the house. Why is the child likely to obey the rule?
- A. The child does not want to be punished.
- B. The child wants to please her mother.
- C. The child respects authority figures.
- D. The child believes that following the rules is right.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to Kohlberg, children in the preconventional stage (4 to 7 years) are obedient to their parents for fear of punishment.
Which healthy snack foods would the school nurse suggest to a group of adolescents? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Bubble gum
- B. Chocolate-covered peanuts
- C. Raw vegetables
- D. Cheese
- E. Dried fruits
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Cheese and raw vegetables are acceptable healthy snacks. Bubble gum, chocolate-covered peanuts, and dried fruits all contain high amounts of sugar.
What toy is developmentally appropriate for the nurse to suggest to entertain a 5-year-old child?
- A. Jack-in-the-box
- B. Book of nursery rhymes
- C. Model airport with toy planes
- D. Model car construction kit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At this age children are into creative play. The model airport with toy planes is the most developmentally appropriate.
What does the nurse recognize as an example of Piaget's concrete operational thinking?
- A. A 2-year-old child says, 'It's nighttime' when his room is darkened.
- B. A 4-year-old child refers to the hospital as 'my house.'
- C. A 5-year-old child coloring a picture of a puppy says, 'This is my puppy.'
- D. A 7-year-old child says, 'I am sick because I have germs in my chest.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 7-year-old child's remark reflecting the cause and effect of germs and illness is an example of operational thinking. All other options are examples of preoperational thought, which is egocentric and symbolic.
When a small group of preschool-age children were playing house, each child was pretending to be a particular family member. What type of play does the nurse recognize these children are participating in?
- A. Parallel
- B. Cooperative
- C. Symbolic
- D. Fantasy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In cooperative play, children play with each other, each taking a specific role.