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What are FIVE non-cardiac clinical features of Marfan’s syndrome?
- A. Ectopia Lentis
- B. Pectus Excavatum or carinatum of moderate severity
- C. Pes Planus
- D. Scoliosis (>20 degrees)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These features are typical signs of Marfan’s syndrome and contribute to the diagnosis alongside cardiac findings.
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What is the priority nursing action for a child who is post-operative following a tonsillectomy?
- A. Provide pain management.
- B. Encourage fluid intake.
- C. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
- D. Educate the child about proper oral hygiene.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority after a tonsillectomy is to monitor for bleeding, as this can be a serious complication.
During a well-child checkup for an infant with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the child develops severe respiratory distress and becomes cyanotic. The nurse's first action should be to:
- A. Lay the child flat to promote hemostasis
- B. Lay the child flat with legs elevated to increase blood flow to the heart
- C. Sit the child on the parent's lap, with legs dangling, to promote venous pooling
- D. Hold the child in knee-chest position to decrease venous blood return
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance (SVR), which increases blood flow to the pulmonary artery.
All the following are causes of chronic pulmonary venous hypertension EXCEPT
- A. congenital mitral stenosis
- B. total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction
- C. peripheral pulmonary stenosis
- D. cor triatriatum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral pulmonary stenosis does not directly cause chronic pulmonary venous hypertension.
Pulsus paradoxus is associated with
- A. pericarditis
- B. endocarditis
- C. rheumatic fever
- D. myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulsus paradoxus is commonly associated with pericardial diseases such as constrictive pericarditis.
A nurse obtains the health history of a client who is newly admitted to the medical unit. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the presence of edema?
- A. I wake up to go to the bathroom at night.
- B. My shoes fit tighter by the end of the day.
- C. I seem to be feeling more anxious lately.
- D. I drink at least eight glasses of water a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tight-fitting shoes by the end of the day suggest fluid retention (edema), a common sign of cardiovascular or renal issues.