ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2

ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2 Related

Review ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2 related questions and content

What causes atherosclerotic plaques to form in the body?

  • A. Poor dietary habits
  • B. Administration of statin medication
  • C. Interruption of blood flow to the brain
  • D. Injury to the endothelium of the coronary arteries
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atherosclerotic plaques form in the body due to injury to the endothelium of the coronary arteries. When the endothelium is damaged, it triggers an inflammatory response that leads to the accumulation of fats, cholesterol, and other substances, forming plaques. These plaques can narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to serious complications like heart attacks or strokes. Poor dietary habits (choice A) can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis by promoting the buildup of plaque-forming substances in the blood, but the direct cause is the injury to the endothelium. Administration of statin medication (choice B) is actually a treatment for high cholesterol and aims to reduce the risk of plaque formation. Interruption of blood flow to the brain (choice C) is more related to conditions like ischemic stroke rather than the primary cause of atherosclerotic plaque formation.

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What is the primary role of albumin in the blood?

  • A. Transport oxygen throughout the body.
  • B. Serve as a key clotting factor.
  • C. Maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance.
  • D. Act as an immune response molecule.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance. Albumin plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure by helping to retain fluid within the blood vessels. This function is essential for regulating blood volume and preventing fluid from leaking out into tissues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because albumin is not primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, acting as a clotting factor, or functioning as an immune response molecule in the blood.

Which of the following best describes Cushing's syndrome?

  • A. Hypersecretion of growth hormone
  • B. Excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands
  • C. Insufficient production of insulin
  • D. Increased levels of ACTH
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Which of the following stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool?

  • A. Brain - Kidneys
  • B. Bone - Nails
  • C. Bone - Liver
  • D. Liver - Pancreas
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bones store electrolytes and act as a reservoir, maintaining a balance of essential minerals like calcium and phosphate. The correct pair in this context is 'Bone - Nails.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the brain, kidneys, liver, and pancreas perform other functions in the body and are not primarily responsible for storing electrolytes.

A 70-year-old man has enjoyed good overall health for all of his adult life, but he has been experiencing urinary frequency and dribbling that has culminated in a diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). As a result, the patient has been prescribed finasteride (Proscar). When teaching the patient about the potential adverse effects of the drug, the nurse should ensure that he knows about the possibility of

  • A. sexual dysfunction.
  • B. urethral burning.
  • C. kidney stones.
  • D. visual disturbances.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct potential adverse effect of finasteride (Proscar) that the nurse should educate the patient about is sexual dysfunction. Finasteride is known to cause sexual side effects such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and ejaculation disorders. Urethral burning, kidney stones, and visual disturbances are not commonly associated with finasteride use, making them incorrect choices for this scenario.

In a male patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prescribed tamsulosin (Flomax), what is the expected therapeutic effect of this medication?

  • A. Decreased urinary frequency and urgency
  • B. Increased urinary output
  • C. Decreased blood pressure
  • D. Increased hair growth
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased urinary frequency and urgency. Tamsulosin is prescribed for patients with BPH to relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck. This relaxation helps in relieving the symptoms of BPH, such as decreased urinary flow, frequent urination, and urgency. Choice B is incorrect because tamsulosin does not increase urinary output but rather improves the flow of urine by relaxing the muscles. Choice C is incorrect as tamsulosin is not primarily used for reducing blood pressure. Choice D is also incorrect as tamsulosin does not promote increased hair growth.

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