Nokea
What condition does the nurse suspect when a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, and headaches in the morning?
- A. Dawn phenomenon
- B. Somogyi phenomenon
- C. Honeymoon effect
- D. Ketoacidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Somogyi phenomenon involves rebound hyperglycemia due to low blood glucose triggering counter-regulatory hormones.
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Which comment made by a school-age child indicates that he needs more teaching about diabetes mellitus and exercise?
- A. I carry a piece of hard candy with me in case I start to feel shaky.'
- B. I make sure I have emergency money when I have soccer practice or a game.'
- C. Sometimes I skip my breakfast when I have a game in the morning.'
- D. I play in soccer games that are scheduled after dinner.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skipping a meal before exercise increases the risk of hypoglycemia in a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The nurse explains that the diagnosis of diabetes is made when the fasting blood glucose level is mg/dL on two separate occasions, and the history is positive for indication of the disease.
Correct Answer: 126
Rationale: A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL on two separate occasions, with a positive history, confirms diabetes.
Which statement made by a 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus indicates a need for more teaching?
- A. My pancreas is sick and needs insulin until it is well.'
- B. I will need to take my insulin every day.'
- C. I need to keep a piece of candy in my pocket in case I start to feel shaky.'
- D. My mom has to give me insulin shots twice a day.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has an insulin deficiency and will require lifelong management, not a temporary condition.
What statement by a parent leads the nurse to determine a parent is administering levothyroxine (Synthroid) correctly?
- A. I stopped giving the medication because my daughter was losing her hair.'
- B. I am using a different brand now because it costs less money.'
- C. I don't give the medication on the weekends.'
- D. I give the medication at 8:00 AM every day.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Synthroid should be given at the same time each day, preferably in the morning, for consistent therapeutic effect.
Which food sources are high in soluble fiber? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Raw fruits
- B. Cooked vegetables
- C. Beans
- D. Lean meat
- E. Bran cereal
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Foods high in soluble fiber include raw fruits, beans, and bran cereal, which help manage blood glucose.