Nokea
What describes the main purpose of health and safety enforcement?
- A. To ensure that the business considers enforcement policies.
- B. To ensure that enforcement officers motivate all staff in the workplace.
- C. To undertake legal proceedings in the first instance of any breaches.
- D. To ensure that duty holders are held to account if they fail in their responsibility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enforcement ensures duty holders comply with responsibilities.
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Immunity that protects the body from disease in general and is the first line of defense against invading bacteria or organisms is called:
- A. Specific immunity
- B. Nonspecific immunity
- C. Active immunity
- D. Passive immunity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nonspecific immunity. This type of immunity provides general protection against a wide range of pathogens and is the body's first line of defense. Nonspecific immunity includes physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes, and certain cells that engulf and destroy pathogens. Specific immunity (A) is tailored to a particular pathogen, while active immunity (C) is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a pathogen, and passive immunity (D) is temporary protection transferred from another source. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it best describes the general defense mechanism against invading bacteria or organisms.
In which position should a nursing assistant place an unconscious resident before giving mouth care?
- A. Supine
- B. Lateral
- C. Fowler's
- D. Prone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lateral. Placing an unconscious resident in a lateral position helps prevent aspiration and choking during mouth care by allowing fluids to drain easily. Lying them on their side also helps maintain a clear airway.
A: Supine position can cause choking and aspiration risk for unconscious residents.
C: Fowler's position is not suitable as it may lead to difficulty in swallowing and increased risk of aspiration.
D: Prone position is unsafe for an unconscious resident as it can obstruct the airway and make it harder to provide mouth care.
Which of the following can a nursing assistant do if poisoning is suspected?
- A. Suggest the resident put his finger down his throat to induce vomiting.
- B. Feed the resident crackers or bread to soak up the poison.
- C. Give the resident medication and then call poison control.
- D. Look for a container that will help him find out what the resident took or ate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. When poisoning is suspected, a nursing assistant should look for a container to find out what the resident ingested. This step is crucial in determining the specific poison and assisting medical professionals in providing appropriate treatment. Choice A is incorrect because inducing vomiting can worsen the situation. Choice B is incorrect as feeding crackers or bread may not address the poisoning. Choice C is incorrect because giving medication without knowing the poison can be harmful. Overall, choice D is the best course of action as it helps identify the poison and guides proper medical intervention.
You are called to a scene for a 48-year-old male presenting with sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, tachypnea, and a rapid pulse. He is alert and oriented, and physical exam reveals a swollen right calf with tenderness. Which condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
- A. Acute myocardial infarction
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Tension pneumothorax
- D. Severe asthma attack
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulmonary embolism. Given the sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, tachypnea, rapid pulse, and swollen right calf with tenderness, the most likely diagnosis is a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow. This leads to symptoms of shortness of breath, tachypnea, and rapid pulse. The swollen right calf with tenderness suggests a possible deep vein thrombosis, which can lead to a pulmonary embolism. The other choices are less likely because they do not fully encompass the patient's presentation and physical exam findings. A myocardial infarction typically presents with chest pain, not solely shortness of breath and calf swelling. Tension pneumothorax presents with respiratory distress and decreased breath sounds, not calf swelling. Severe asthma attack may cause shortness of breath but is less likely to present with a swollen calf.
What is one reason that a resident might have an order to restrict her fluid intake?
- A. The resident is sleepy.
- B. The resident has an order for physical therapy.
- C. The resident has a weight-reducing diet order.
- D. The resident has a gastrointestinal illness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a resident with a gastrointestinal illness may have restrictions on fluid intake to prevent exacerbating symptoms like diarrhea or vomiting. This restriction helps in managing the illness and preventing dehydration. Choice A (The resident is sleepy) is irrelevant to fluid intake. Choice B (The resident has an order for physical therapy) does not directly impact fluid intake. Choice C (The resident has a weight-reducing diet order) focuses on dietary intake, not fluid intake. Thus, the rationale for the correct answer lies in the direct relationship between gastrointestinal illness and the need for fluid restriction.