Nokea
What dietary recommendation is often given to heart failure patients to manage their condition?
- A. High-sodium diet
- B. Low-fat diet
- C. Low-sugar diet
- D. Low-sodium diet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Low-sodium diet. Sodium can exacerbate fluid retention in heart failure patients, leading to increased workload on the heart. A low-sodium diet helps reduce fluid retention and manage symptoms. High-sodium diet (A) is detrimental to heart failure patients. Low-fat diet (B) and low-sugar diet (C) may be beneficial for overall health but are not specific recommendations for managing heart failure.
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The nasal conchae epithelial surface serves to:
- A. Warm and moisten inhaled air, via air turbulence.
- B. Help filter dust and insects from the inhaled air
- C. Recapture moisture from exhaled air to preserve fluid.
- D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The nasal conchae increase surface area, causing air turbulence to warm, moisten, and filter inhaled air. This helps in preventing respiratory issues. Choice A is correct as it explains the primary function of the conchae. Choice B is incorrect as the primary function is not filtering. Choice C is incorrect as the conchae primarily warm and moisten inhaled air rather than recapture moisture from exhaled air. Overall, choice D is correct as it encompasses all the functions of the nasal conchae.
Muscles attached to diaphragm contract during inspiration to make it
- A. Flat
- B. Dome-shaped
- C. Concave
- D. Rotate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flat. During inspiration, the muscles attached to the diaphragm contract, causing it to flatten. This action increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to rush into the lungs. The diaphragm moving downward creates a larger space for the lungs to expand. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the diaphragm does not become dome-shaped, concave, or rotate during inspiration. The key concept here is understanding the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process and how its contraction affects the shape of the thoracic cavity.
Diaphragm is supplied with Phrenic nerve and is involved in
- A. Inspiration
- B. Parturition
- C. Micturition and Defecation
- D. All these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All these. The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, which is responsible for inspiration (A). During parturition (B), the diaphragm plays a role in the pushing phase of labor. While the diaphragm is not directly involved in micturition and defecation (C), it indirectly affects these processes by helping to create intra-abdominal pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is D as the diaphragm is involved in inspiration, parturition, and indirectly affects micturition and defecation.
Which of the following sinuses are located on either side of the nose?
- A. Ethmoidal sinuses
- B. Frontal sinuses
- C. Maxillary sinuses
- D. Sphenoidal sinuses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The maxillary sinuses are paired cavities located on either side of the nose, beneath the orbits. Ethmoidal sinuses (A) are smaller and located between the eyes. Frontal sinuses (B) are above the eyebrows. Sphenoidal sinuses (D) are deeper within the skull, behind the nasal cavity.
A nurse is assessing a client who is recovering from a lung biopsy. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?
- A. Increased temperature
- B. Absent breath sounds
- C. Productive cough
- D. Incisional discomfort
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absent breath sounds. This finding could indicate a pneumothorax, a serious complication post lung biopsy requiring immediate intervention. Absent breath sounds suggest air accumulation in the pleural space, causing lung collapse. Prompt action is crucial to prevent respiratory distress. Increased temperature (A) may indicate infection but not as urgent as addressing a pneumothorax. Productive cough (C) is common post-procedure. Incisional discomfort (D) is expected and can be managed with appropriate pain relief measures.