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What does the nurse suspect based on this information?
- A. Pinworms
- B. Giardiasis
- C. Ringworm
- D. Roundworm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anal itching and scratching are characteristic symptoms of pinworm infection.
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Which statement made by a parent alerts the nurse to the need for additional education about poison prevention?
- A. I keep the poison control center phone number easily accessible.'
- B. All medication is kept out of reach in a locked cabinet.'
- C. I keep a bottle of syrup of ipecac handy.'
- D. Our garden is free from marigolds.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping syrup of ipecac is outdated; the AAP recommends against it due to risks of uncontrolled vomiting.
What is the most appropriate action?
- A. Induce vomiting by giving the child syrup of ipecac.
- B. Take the child to the local emergency department.
- C. Give the child activated charcoal mixed with juice.
- D. Give the child milk to soothe affected mucous membranes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking the child to the emergency department with the ingested substance's packaging is the safest action for dishwashing detergent ingestion.
A child is brought into the ED with suspected appendicitis.
- A. Left lower quadrant pain
- B. Guarding
- C. Rebound tenderness
- D. Decreased C-reactive protein
- E. Pain on lifting thigh when supine
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Guarding, rebound tenderness, and pain on thigh lifting are signs of appendicitis; pain is in the right lower quadrant, and C-reactive protein is elevated.
What acid-base imbalance would the nurse expect to occur from this persistent vomiting?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Acidosis
- D. Alkalosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Persistent vomiting causes loss of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, leading to metabolic alkalosis.
Why are rapid respirations a possible cause of dehydration?
- A. They prevent the child from drinking.
- B. They increase circulation, thus increasing urine production.
- C. They cause evaporation of fluid on the mucous membranes.
- D. They often lead to vomiting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid respirations increase insensible fluid loss through evaporation from mucous membranes, contributing to dehydration.