Nokea
What excess cellular component do spermatids shed to become sperm during spermiogenesis?
- A. DNA
- B. Cytoplasm
- C. Flagellum
- D. Mitochondria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During spermiogenesis, spermatids shed excess cytoplasm to become mature sperm. This process helps streamline the sperm structure for efficient motility and fertilization. DNA (choice A) is essential for sperm function and remains within the sperm. The flagellum (choice C) is actually a necessary structure for sperm motility. Mitochondria (choice D) play a crucial role in providing energy for sperm movement. Shedding excess cytoplasm ensures that the mature sperm is streamlined and optimized for its specific functions.
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The day after having a radical prostatectomy, your client has many blood clots in the urinary catheter and states he has frequent bladder spasms. You notice occasional urine leakage around the catheter at the urinary meatus. The client says that his right calf is sore and complains that he feels short of breath. Which action will you take first?
- A. Irrigate the catheter with 50 mL of sterile saline.
- B. Administer oxybutynin (Ditropan) 5 mg orally.
- C. Dorsiflex the foot to check for Homans' sign.
- D. Obtain an oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Shortness of breath and calf soreness suggest a pulmonary embolism; obtaining oxygen saturation is critical.
A newborn infant obtains maternal antibodies from the mother's
- A. laguno.
- B. colostrum.
- C. rubell
- D. placent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: colostrum. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother after giving birth. It is rich in antibodies, providing passive immunity to the newborn. This helps protect the infant from infections until its own immune system fully develops.
A: laguno - Not a substance related to maternal antibodies.
C: rubell - Incorrect spelling and not relevant to maternal antibodies.
D: placent - While the placenta does provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, it is not the source of maternal antibodies transferred to the newborn.
The vascularization of the Fallopian tubes is provided by branches off the following artery:
- A. uterine;
- B. ovarian;
- C. external iliac;
- D. abdominal aorta;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: uterine artery. The uterine artery provides blood supply to the Fallopian tubes. It arises from the internal iliac artery and gives off branches that vascularize the tubes. The ovarian artery primarily supplies blood to the ovaries, not the Fallopian tubes. The external iliac artery supplies the lower extremities, not the reproductive organs. The abdominal aorta is a main artery that gives rise to multiple branches supplying various organs, but it does not directly supply the Fallopian tubes.
Which of the following assessments does a nurse obtain to ensure a thorough baseline history of a client?
- A. Age of menarche, the first menstruation
- B. Accident history
- C. Mother's past menstruation patterns
- D. Frequency of sexual activities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The age of menarche is a critical piece of information for understanding a woman's reproductive health history.
The cell labeled H in the figure secretes which of the following hormones?
- A. renin
- B. progesterone
- C. aldosterone
- D. estrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: aldosterone. The cell labeled H is located in the adrenal gland zona glomerulosa, which secretes aldosterone. Aldosterone regulates electrolyte balance by increasing reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. Renin (A) is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells, progesterone (B) is produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands, and estrogen (D) is produced by the ovaries and placenta. None of these hormones are secreted by the cell labeled H.