Nokea
What factor influences drug absorption?
- A. Kidney function
- B. Route of administration
- C. Liver function
- D. Cardiovascular function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drug absorption is influenced by the route of administration. IV administration is the fastest method; drug absorption is slower when given orally. Kidney function impacts excretion, liver function impacts metabolism, and cardiovascular function impacts distribution.
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Drugs which increase GABA levels in brain
- A. Diazepam
- B. Phenobarbitone
- C. Sodium valproate
- D. Carbamazepine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium valproate increases GABA levels.
What does the nurse understand must occur in order to produce withdrawal syndrome?
- A. Addiction
- B. Craving
- C. Drug tolerance
- D. Physical dependence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physical dependence causes withdrawal when a drug stops; addiction or tolerance don't suffice. Patients who develop a physical dependence on a drug will experience withdrawal syndrome when the drug is stopped.
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of iodides:
- A. Inhibits organification of iodine
- B. By inhibiting \mathrm{Na}+/ \mathrm{l} - simporter reduce iodine transport in thyroid gland
- C. Inhibits production of trioodthyronine form tetraiodthyronine on periphery
- D. Stimulates peroxidase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iodides inhibit iodine organification, reducing thyroid hormone synthesis in high doses.
The choice of diuretic to use in treating hypertension is based on:
- A. Presence of diabetes with loop diuretics being used for these patients
- B. Level of kidney function with a thiazide diuretic being used for an estimated glomerular filtration rate higher than the mid-40 mL/min range
- C. Ethnicity with aldosterone antagonists best for African Americans and older adults
- D. Presence of hyperlipidemia with higher doses needed for patients with LDL above 130 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thiazides are effective with GFR >40-50 mL/min; loops are used for lower GFR.
Mechanisms of transmembrane signaling are the following EXCEPT:
- A. Transmembrane receptors that bind and stimulate a protein tyrosine kinase
- B. Gene replacement by the introduction of a therapeutic gene to correct a genetic effect
- C. Ligand-gated ion channels that can be induced to open or close by binding a ligand
- D. Transmembrane receptor protein that stimulates a GTP-binding signal transducer protein (G-protein) which in turn generates an intracellular second messenger
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gene replacement is a therapeutic strategy, not a signaling mechanism.