Immune System Disorders Quizlet

Immune System Disorders Quizlet Related

Review Immune System Disorders Quizlet related questions and content

What is a characteristic disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity?

  • A. Grave's disease
  • B. Goodpasture's syndrome
  • C. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
  • D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In Type III hypersensitivity, immune complexes form and deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. SLE is a classic example of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction where these immune complexes deposit in various organs causing systemic inflammation and damage. Graves's disease (A) is an example of Type II hypersensitivity, where autoantibodies target cell-surface receptors. Goodpasture's syndrome (B) is a Type II hypersensitivity disease affecting the kidneys and lungs. Contact dermatitis (D) is a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells, not involving immune complexes. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the characteristic disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity.

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The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that

  • A. it has regions that are complementary to primers.
  • B. only minute amounts are needed for each cycle of PCR
  • C. it binds more readily than other polymerases to primer.
  • D. it is heat stable and can withstand the temperature changes of the cycler.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Taq polymerase is heat-stable, allowing it to withstand the high temperatures used in PCR cycles without denaturing. This heat stability is crucial for the repeated heating and cooling cycles in PCR. Choice A is incorrect because Taq polymerase does not need to be complementary to primers. Choice B is incorrect because the amount needed is not the main reason for using Taq polymerase. Choice C is incorrect because binding affinity to primers is not the primary reason for using Taq polymerase.

A patient had abdominal surgery 3 months ago and calls the clinic with complaints of severe abdominal pain and cramping, vomiting, and bloating. What should the nurse most likely suspect as the cause of the patient’s problem?

  • A. Infection
  • B. Adhesion
  • C. Contracture
  • D. Evisceration
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Postoperative adhesions can form after abdominal surgeries, causing obstruction and symptoms such as pain, cramping, vomiting, and bloating. Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that develop during the healing process.

A cytokine essential for clonal expansion of T cells is

  • A. IL-1
  • B. IL-2
  • C. IL4
  • D. IL-5
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IL-2. IL-2 is essential for the clonal expansion of T cells as it promotes T cell proliferation. It is produced by activated T cells themselves and plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses. IL-1 is involved in inflammation, not T cell expansion. IL-4 is important for Th2 cell differentiation, while IL-5 is critical for eosinophil activation. In summary, IL-2 specifically promotes T cell clonal expansion, making it the correct choice in this context.

What is hyperkalemia frequently associated with?

  • A. Hypoglycemia
  • B. Metabolic acidosis
  • C. Respiratory alkalosis
  • D. Decreased urine potassium levels
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metabolic acidosis increases hydrogen ion exchange for potassium in cells, releasing potassium into the bloodstream and causing hyperkalemia.

The epitopes recognized by T cells are always:

  • A. Conformational
  • B. Linear
  • C. On the antigen surface
  • D. Buried inside the antigen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Linear. T cells recognize linear epitopes, which are sequences of amino acids displayed in a linear fashion on the antigen's surface. This recognition occurs through the T cell receptor binding to the linear epitope. Conformational epitopes (A) involve multiple amino acid residues brought together in a specific three-dimensional structure. Epitopes on the antigen surface (C) are correct, but not all T cell epitopes are necessarily on the surface. Epitopes buried inside the antigen (D) are not accessible to T cell receptors for recognition. Thus, the correct choice is B due to the linear presentation of epitopes for T cell recognition.

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