Nokea
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs with rheumatoid arthritis and acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Type I or IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
- B. Type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
- C. Type III or immune-complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction
- D. Type IV or delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complexes depositing in tissues, leading to inflammation, as seen in rheumatoid arthritis and acute glomerulonephritis.
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Which of the following statements about the 2009 H1N1 pandemic is NOT true
- A. Caused by a virus originated from 4 different strains
- B. Individuals over 60 were especially affected
- C. A level 6 pandemic phase was declared by WHO in June 2009
- D. 2009 H1N1 is considered moderately virulent in terms of severity of disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals over 60 were not especially affected by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. This is because older individuals had some level of immunity due to previous exposure to similar strains. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The 2009 H1N1 virus originated from a combination of 2 different strains, not 4. C: WHO declared a level 6 pandemic phase in June 2009. D: The 2009 H1N1 virus was considered less virulent compared to other strains.
Which of the following is the most important factor in the nursing management of a client with CFS?
- A. Teaching the client how to avoid aggravating the disease
- B. Informing the client about the drug therapy that will provide significant improvement
- C. Advising the client to alter the diet and environment
- D. Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Educating the client about the disease process and its limitations helps them manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
All of the following are true with respect to IgE molecules, EXCEPT which one?
- A. They are the principal immunoglobulin class involved in allergic reactions.
- B. They are involved in mediating anti-parasitic immune responses.
- C. They will cross the placenta and fix complement.
- D. They can effect the release of histamine and other chemical mediators.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. IgE molecules do not cross the placenta and fix complement, unlike IgG. IgE is the principal immunoglobulin in allergic reactions (A), mediates anti-parasitic immune responses (B), and triggers the release of histamine and other mediators (D). IgE plays a specific role in allergic responses and defense against parasites. IgG is the main immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta and fixes complement. Therefore, IgE does not share this function.
What is the primary goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?
- A. Cure the disease
- B. Extend life expectancy
- C. Relieve suffering and improve quality of life
- D. Prevent disease recurrence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palliative care focuses on relieving suffering and improving quality of life for patients with advanced cancer.
A patient had abdominal surgery 3 months ago and calls the clinic with complaints of severe abdominal pain and cramping, vomiting, and bloating. What should the nurse most likely suspect as the cause of the patient’s problem?
- A. Infection
- B. Adhesion
- C. Contracture
- D. Evisceration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postoperative adhesions can form after abdominal surgeries, causing obstruction and symptoms such as pain, cramping, vomiting, and bloating. Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that develop during the healing process.