Nokea
What is a common complication following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
- A. Bile leak
- B. Wound infection
- C. Deep vein thrombosis
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bile leak. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile leak is a common complication due to injury to the bile ducts during surgery. This can lead to abdominal pain, infection, and other serious complications. Wound infection (B) is less common in laparoscopic surgeries. Deep vein thrombosis (C) and pulmonary embolism (D) are more associated with prolonged immobility post-surgery, which is less of a concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes?
- A. Small intestine
- B. Large intestine
- C. Stomach
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Large intestine. The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter that passes through the small intestine. It reabsorbs water and electrolytes to maintain the body's fluid balance. The small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients and vitamins, while the stomach is responsible for the initial digestion of food and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Therefore, the large intestine is the correct choice for water and electrolyte absorption in the digestive system.
Corticosteroid medications are associated with the development of peptic ulcers because of which probable pathophysiologic mechanism?
- A. The enzyme urease is produced.
- B. Secretion of hydrochloric acid is increased.
- C. The rate of mucous cell renewal is decreased.
- D. The synthesis of mucus and prostaglandins is inhibited.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because corticosteroids inhibit the synthesis of mucus and prostaglandins, which are important for protecting the stomach lining. Without enough mucus and prostaglandins, the stomach lining becomes more susceptible to damage from stomach acid, leading to the development of peptic ulcers.
Choice A is incorrect because the enzyme urease is associated with the development of Helicobacter pylori infection, not peptic ulcers directly. Choice B is incorrect because corticosteroids actually decrease hydrochloric acid secretion. Choice C is incorrect because a decreased rate of mucous cell renewal would lead to decreased mucus production, which could contribute to peptic ulcers, but it is not the primary mechanism associated with corticosteroids.
Which patient has the highest risk for poor nutritional balance related to decreased ingestion?
- A. Tuberculosis infection
- B. Draining decubitus ulcers
- C. Malabsorption syndrome
- D. Severe anorexia resulting from radiation therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Severe anorexia resulting from radiation therapy. This patient has the highest risk for poor nutritional balance due to the severe anorexia caused by the treatment. Radiation therapy often leads to loss of appetite, making it difficult for the patient to ingest adequate nutrients, resulting in malnutrition.
A: Tuberculosis infection does not necessarily directly cause decreased ingestion, as appetite may vary among patients.
B: Draining decubitus ulcers may lead to protein and fluid loss but not necessarily decreased ingestion.
C: Malabsorption syndrome affects the absorption of nutrients but does not directly relate to decreased ingestion.
One of your family members has developed peptic ulcers and is consulting you for advice. You can tell your family member that there may be a chance of permanently curing this ulcer by
- A. giving up smoking and alcohol.
- B. taking meditation classes to reduce stress.
- C. taking antibiotics that destroy Helicobacter pylori.
- D. taking Tagment or Zantac.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: taking antibiotics that destroy Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori is a common cause of peptic ulcers, and eradicating it with antibiotics can lead to a permanent cure. Smoking and alcohol cessation (choice A) can help improve symptoms but won't address the root cause. Meditation (choice B) can help manage stress but won't cure the ulcer. Tagament or Zantac (choice D) are medications that can help reduce stomach acid but won't treat the underlying bacterial infection causing the ulcer. Thus, choice C is the most effective in permanently curing the ulcer.
Obstructive jaundice is:
- A. Caused by more fragile red blood cells.
- B. Associated with high blood hemobilirubin.
- C. Associated with dark stool due to excess stercobilin.
- D. Associated with dark brown urine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: Obstructive jaundice is caused by blockage in the bile ducts, leading to decreased excretion of bilirubin into the intestine. This results in dark stool due to excess stercobilin, a byproduct of bilirubin breakdown. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Fragile red blood cells cause hemolytic jaundice, not obstructive jaundice. B: Elevated blood hemobilirubin is seen in hemolytic jaundice, not obstructive jaundice. D: Dark brown urine is associated with conditions like hemoglobinuria, not obstructive jaundice.