Nokea
What is a complication of uterine rupture?
- A. DIC
- B. nuchal cord
- C. polyhydramnios
- D. oligohydramnios
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation). Uterine rupture can lead to severe bleeding, causing DIC. This is because the release of blood into the abdomen triggers the body's clotting system, resulting in the consumption of clotting factors and platelets. This can lead to widespread clotting in small blood vessels and ultimately result in bleeding disorders.
Summary:
- B: Nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck, not directly related to uterine rupture.
- C: Polyhydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture.
- D: Oligohydramnios is decreased amniotic fluid, not a direct complication of uterine rupture.
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What complication makes uterine inversion an emergency?
- A. shock
- B. pain
- C. retained placenta
- D. hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: shock. Uterine inversion is an emergency due to the risk of shock. When the uterus turns inside out, it can lead to severe bleeding and disruption of blood flow, causing hypovolemic shock. This can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. Pain (choice B) and retained placenta (choice C) are potential complications of uterine inversion but do not pose the immediate threat of shock. Hypertension (choice D) is not directly related to the urgency of uterine inversion.
A primigravida patient asks the nurse to explain the term quickening. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. It is intermittent uterine contractions caused by the increase in hormones, especially estrogen.
- B. It is the absence of menses and is one of the earliest symptoms a woman reports when she is pregnant.
- C. It is when the mother can first feel the movements of the fetus.
- D. It is an increase in vaginal discharge caused by the increase in estrogen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because quickening refers to the first time a mother feels fetal movements, usually around 18-20 weeks gestation. This marks the beginning of fetal movements that the mother can perceive.
A is incorrect because intermittent uterine contractions are not referred to as quickening.
B is incorrect as it describes amenorrhea, not quickening.
D is incorrect as an increase in vaginal discharge is not the definition of quickening.
A new client is seen at the prenatal clinic and says she thinks she is pregnant. The first day of her last menstrual period was April 1, 2014. What is her EDB?
- A. December 30, 2014
- B. January 1, 2015
- C. January 8, 2015
- D. December 8, 2014
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: December 30, 2014. To calculate the Estimated Date of Birth (EDB), you add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period. In this case, April 1, 2014 + 9 months is January 1, 2015, and then adding 7 days gives December 30, 2014 as the EDB. This calculation takes into account the typical 40-week gestational period of a pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the full 40-week gestational period from the last menstrual period.
Observation of a fetal heart rate pattern indicates an increase in heart rate from the prior baseline rate of 152 bpm. Which physiologic mechanisms would account for this situation?
- A. Inhibition of epinephrine
- B. Inhibition of norepinephrine
- C. Stimulation of the vagus nerve
- D. Sympathetic stimulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sympathetic stimulation. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate by releasing norepinephrine, which acts on beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. This leads to an increase in heart rate. Choices A and B are incorrect because inhibition of epinephrine or norepinephrine would not cause an increase in heart rate. Choice C is incorrect because stimulation of the vagus nerve would actually decrease heart rate by releasing acetylcholine, which acts on muscarinic receptors in the heart.
What can amniotomy cause?
- A. six-hour decrease of labor
- B. chorioamnionitis
- C. elevated blood pressure
- D. second stage labor dystocia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amniotomy can cause chorioamnionitis, as the procedure involves breaking the amniotic sac which increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the uterus. This can lead to infection of the fetal membranes, causing chorioamnionitis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as amniotomy does not directly cause a six-hour decrease of labor, elevated blood pressure, or second stage labor dystocia.