Physical Exam Cardiovascular System

Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Related

Review Physical Exam Cardiovascular System related questions and content

What is a condition where the arteries supplying blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, causing pain and difficulty walking?

  • A. Peripheral artery disease
  • B. Atherosclerosis
  • C. Varicose veins
  • D. Raynaud's disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs and feet, resulting in reduced blood flow, causing pain and difficulty walking. This condition is specifically related to arterial issues, unlike varicose veins (C) which involve veins, atherosclerosis (B) which is a broader term for arterial plaque buildup, and Raynaud's disease (D) which is characterized by episodic vasospasm affecting blood flow to extremities. Therefore, PAD is the most accurate choice given the symptoms described in the question.

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Which term describes an abnormal heartbeat that can be either too fast or too slow?

  • A. Arrhythmia
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Tachycardia
  • D. Conductivity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrhythmia. An arrhythmia refers to an abnormal heartbeat rhythm, which can be too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia). Arrhythmia encompasses both of these irregularities. Choice B, bradycardia, specifically refers to a slow heartbeat, while choice C, tachycardia, specifically refers to a fast heartbeat. Choice D, conductivity, is not directly related to the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat, making it an incorrect choice.

The most important action in Mr. Johnson's care with possible acute myocarditis would be

  • A. Placing him in a darkened room
  • B. Keeping a nutritional intake record on him
  • C. Keeping him on a regimen of complete bed rest
  • D. Telling him not to worry, he will recover soon
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rest minimizes cardiac workload during inflammation.

Which of the following symptoms is the first sign of aortic regurgitation?

  • A. Water-hammer pulse
  • B. Tachycardia
  • C. Flushed skin
  • D. Heart murmur
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A water-hammer pulse is an early sign of aortic regurgitation due to backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

The nurse is administering digoxin to a client. What is the most important parameter to check before administration?

  • A. Heart rate
  • B. Blood pressure
  • C. Respiratory rate
  • D. Oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart rate. Before administering digoxin, it is crucial to check the client's heart rate because digoxin is a medication that affects the heart. Monitoring the heart rate helps assess the client's cardiac function and determines if the medication can be safely given. Checking heart rate ensures that the client is not at risk for potential adverse effects such as bradycardia or arrhythmias. Blood pressure (B), respiratory rate (C), and oxygen saturation (D) are important parameters to monitor but are not as directly related to the action of digoxin on the heart.

Which procedure is used to remove excess fluid or air from the pleural space, helping to relieve pressure on the lungs?

  • A. Thoracentesis
  • B. Bronchoscopy
  • C. Chest X-ray
  • D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thoracentesis is the correct procedure for removing excess fluid or air from the pleural space. It involves inserting a needle through the chest wall to drain the fluid or air, relieving pressure on the lungs. Bronchoscopy is used to visualize the airways, not remove fluid or air. Chest X-ray is a diagnostic tool for assessing the lungs but does not remove fluid or air. Arterial blood gas (ABG) is a test to assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not a procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space.

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