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Which term refers to high blood pressure, a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hypotension
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, where the force of blood against artery walls is too high. This condition can lead to serious health issues. Hypotension (B) is low blood pressure. Hyperlipidemia (C) is high levels of fats/lipids in the blood. Diabetes (D) is a condition related to blood sugar regulation, not blood pressure. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the condition described in the question.
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What is the condition where the blood flow through the coronary arteries is reduced or blocked, leading to chest pain or heart attack?
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Atherosclerosis
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is the condition where there is reduced blood flow or blockage in the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle. This can lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque in the arteries, which is a major cause of coronary artery disease. Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the arteries in the lungs, not the coronary arteries supplying the heart. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, not related to the coronary arteries. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly relates to the specific condition described in the question.
What test uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart, allowing doctors to see how well the heart is functioning?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, providing information on its structure and function. It helps doctors assess the heart's pumping ability, valve function, and overall health. MRI (B) uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images but does not rely on sound waves. CT scan (C) uses X-rays to produce images and is not specific to the heart. X-ray (D) provides a basic image of the heart but lacks the detail and functionality assessment of an echocardiogram.
State the Indications and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation.
- A. Respiratory failure
- B. ARDS
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mechanical ventilation is used for respiratory failure and acute conditions like ARDS.
Which of the following is an indication of an alarm sound when a client with transvenous pacemaker is on a cardiac monitor?
- A. Client's heart rate drops below the lowest level set on the alarm system.
- B. Client is confused or restless and physical movement disturbs external pacemaker.
- C. Client's heartbeat is greater than 60 beats/minute.
- D. Client's blood pressure drops below the lowest level set on the alarm system.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An alarm indicates the heart rate falling below the set limit, signaling potential pacemaker malfunction or arrhythmia.
The most important action in Mr. Johnson's care with possible acute myocarditis would be
- A. Placing him in a darkened room
- B. Keeping a nutritional intake record on him
- C. Keeping him on a regimen of complete bed rest
- D. Telling him not to worry, he will recover soon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rest minimizes cardiac workload during inflammation.