Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions related questions and content

What is a condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, often leading to heart failure?

  • A. Cardiomyopathy
  • B. Myocarditis
  • C. Endocarditis
  • D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, leading to heart failure. This is because the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiff, affecting its ability to pump blood efficiently.

Incorrect choices:
B: Myocarditis - Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, not necessarily associated with weakening of the heart muscle leading to heart failure.
C: Endocarditis - Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not directly related to the weakening of the heart muscle.
D: Pericarditis - Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart), and does not directly involve the weakening of the heart muscle.

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What is a condition where the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm?

  • A. Arrhythmia
  • B. Hypertension
  • C. Tachycardia
  • D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia refers to an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm. This is because the heart beats in a disorganized manner, which can lead to various health issues. Hypertension (B) is high blood pressure, not a heart rhythm issue. Tachycardia (C) is a condition where the heart beats too fast, not necessarily irregularly. Bradycardia (D) is when the heart beats too slowly, not necessarily irregularly. Therefore, Arrhythmia is the correct choice in this context.

Mrs. Payer's care plan during the acute phase following MI should include attention to such psychologic aspects as fear, stress, and hopefulness. Therapeutic goals from the time of admission must be geared to

  • A. acceptance
  • B. rehabilitation
  • C. slowing down
  • D. dependence
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acceptance facilitates adaptation to illness.

When monitoring a client on dobutamine, what is the most important parameter to assess?

  • A. Blood pressure
  • B. Heart rate
  • C. Oxygen saturation
  • D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure. When monitoring a client on dobutamine, the most important parameter to assess is blood pressure because dobutamine is a medication that increases heart contractility, potentially leading to increased cardiac output and subsequent changes in blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure helps to ensure that the medication is having the desired effect without causing adverse effects such as hypertension or hypotension. Heart rate (B) can be influenced by dobutamine but is not as critical as blood pressure. Oxygen saturation (C) and respiratory rate (D) are important parameters to monitor in general but are not directly influenced by dobutamine.

What type of medication is used to relax the muscles around the airways and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD?

  • A. Bronchodilator
  • B. Corticosteroid
  • C. Mucolytic
  • D. Antihistamine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchodilator. Bronchodilators are used to relax the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD. They work by widening the airways, making it easier to breathe. Corticosteroids (B) reduce inflammation, mucolytics (C) help loosen mucus, and antihistamines (D) are used for allergies and not specifically for relaxing muscles in the airways. Therefore, A is the correct choice for this question.

What test measures the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, typically 24 to 48 hours?

  • A. Holter monitor
  • B. Echocardiogram
  • C. Stress test
  • D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Holter monitor. A Holter monitor is a device that measures the electrical activity of the heart over an extended period, usually 24 to 48 hours. It is used to detect abnormal heart rhythms and assess how the heart responds to daily activities.

Explanation:
1. The Holter monitor records the heart's electrical activity continuously, providing a detailed analysis of any irregularities.
2. Unlike an echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to create images of the heart, the Holter monitor focuses on monitoring electrical signals.
3. A stress test evaluates the heart's performance under physical stress, not over an extended period like the Holter monitor.
4. Arterial blood gas (ABG) measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not the heart's electrical activity.

In summary, the Holter monitor is the correct choice as it specifically measures the heart's electrical activity over an extended timeframe, distinguishing it from the other options.

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