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What is a condition where the lung's air sacs become inflamed and fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Asthma
- D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and fluid or pus accumulation in the lung's air sacs. This leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not always involve fluid accumulation. Asthma (C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasms, not fluid-filled air sacs. Bronchitis (D) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the air sacs in the lungs.
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Priority Decision: While teaching women about the risks and incidence of CAD, what does the nurse emphasize?
- A. Smoking is not as significant a risk factor for CAD in women as it is in men
- B. Women seek treatment sooner than men when they have symptoms of CAD
- C. Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women decreases the risk for CAD
- D. CAD is the leading cause of death in women, with a higher mortality rate after MI than in men
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CAD is a major cause of mortality in women.
Which of the following adverse effects should a nurse check for when administering lidocaine?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Amnesia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convulsions are a serious adverse effect of lidocaine toxicity, requiring vigilant monitoring.
What is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?
- A. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- B. Atherosclerosis
- C. Stroke
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is the condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. The narrowing or blockage is typically caused by atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a contributing factor to CAD, but CAD specifically refers to the reduced blood flow in the coronary arteries. Stroke (C) is a condition involving the brain's blood vessels, not the heart. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowing of arteries outside the heart, typically in the legs. Therefore, the most appropriate choice is A as it directly relates to the narrowed or blocked coronary arteries causing reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
A 2400 mg sodium diet is prescribed for the patient with chronic heart failure. The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is necessary when the patient states
- A. I should limit my milk intake to 2 cups a day
- B. I can eat fresh fruits and vegetables without worrying about sodium levels
- C. I can eat most foods as long as I do not add salt when cooking or at the table
- D. I need to read the labels on prepared foods and medicines for their sodium content
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: All foods that are high in sodium should be eliminated in a 2400 mg sodium diet, in addition to the elimination of salt during cooking.
What type of heart disease is characterized by the heart muscle becoming enlarged and weakened, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively?
- A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dilated cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by the heart muscle becoming enlarged and weakened, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. This results in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling. In contrast, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (B) is characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffness of the heart muscle, and myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle. These conditions do not specifically involve the enlargement and weakening seen in dilated cardiomyopathy.