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What is a major difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis is degenerative.
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis only affects patients over 40 years of age.
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis is inflammatory.
- D. Rheumatoid arthritis is curable.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease; osteoarthritis is degenerative. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect patients at any age. Neither type of arthritis is curable.
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What should be suggested to a patient to aid with the pain of claudication?
- A. Rest
- B. Exercise
- C. Cross legs
- D. Stand
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A nursing intervention to relieve pain is to recommend the patient rest periodically until the pain subsides. Exercise and standing for long periods of time can exacerbate the pain. Crossing the legs can limit blood flow to the extremities and increase pain.
The older patient informs the nurse that food has no taste and therefore the patient has no appetite. What is this most likely caused by?
- A. Tasteless food
- B. Overuse of salt
- C. Lack of variety
- D. Loss of taste buds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older adults may experience a loss of appetite. Change in taste as a result of decreased saliva production and a decreased number of taste buds may make food unappealing.
When communicating with an older adult patient, the nurse becomes aware of the fact that the patient is well satisfied with his accomplishments over a lifetime and has no regrets concerning aging. Which of Erikson's developmental stages has the patient achieved?
- A. Acceptance
- B. Withdrawal
- C. Ego integrity
- D. Interaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The last stage of life is acceptance of life and it results in ego integrity.
When an older female patient complains of painful sexual intercourse, what should the nurse recognize as the probable cause?
- A. Urinary incontinence
- B. Arthritic joints
- C. Kyphosis
- D. Mucosal drying
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sexual intercourse may be uncomfortable because of drying of the mucosa of the vagina.
What should the nurse do to help the dysphagic patient?
- A. Sit the patient upright.
- B. Reduce distraction during mealtime.
- C. Offer fluid from a straw.
- D. Thicken liquids.
- E. Cue the patient to swallow.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Offering fluids using a straw increases the possibility of choking or aspiration. All other options would be beneficial to the dysphagic patient.