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What is a major source of stress on the current U.S. healthcare system?
- A. Rising cost of providing healthcare to all citizens
- B. Lack of adequate education for healthcare professionals
- C. Inadequate number of hospital beds across the country
- D. Increasing cost of malpractice insurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The increasing cost of providing healthcare to all citizens is a major source of stress on the current U.S. healthcare system. This rise in costs impacts various aspects of the system, including accessibility, quality of care, and financial sustainability. It affects healthcare providers, patients, insurance companies, and the government, making it a critical issue that needs to be addressed to ensure a more efficient and effective healthcare system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although lack of education for healthcare professionals, inadequate number of hospital beds, and increasing malpractice insurance costs can be challenges within the healthcare system, they are not the primary source of stress that affects the system as a whole.
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The healthcare provider responds to an alarm on a pulse oximeter and sees that the patient's oxygen saturation is reading 38%. The provider observes the patient, noting a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, pink mucous membranes, and easy regular respirations. The healthcare provider concludes that the pulse oximeter is not reading accurately. Whose theory of healthcare is this provider demonstrating?
- A. Annie Goodrich
- B. Lillian D. Wald
- C. Florence Nightingale
- D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known for her emphasis on evidence-based practice and data-driven decision-making in healthcare. In this scenario, the healthcare provider is using critical thinking skills to assess the patient's overall clinical presentation, which includes normal vital signs and signs of adequate oxygenation despite the pulse oximeter reading of 38%. This aligns with Nightingale's principles of prioritizing direct observation and clinical judgment over technology.
Incorrect answers:
A: Annie Goodrich - Goodrich was a nursing educator and leader in nursing education, but not specifically known for emphasizing clinical assessment over technology.
B: Lillian D. Wald - Wald was a public health nurse and social reformer, not specifically associated with direct patient care assessment.
D: Linda Richards - Richards was the first professionally trained American nurse, but not specifically known for her approach to clinical assessment in this context.
A group of workers wish to seek union representation that would protect all workers in the agency, including unlicensed assistive personnel and non-nursing employees such as a nutritionist and dietary workers. The type of union being sought is the strongest collective group and is known by what term?
- A. A right-to-work bargaining organization
- B. An occupational union
- C. Industrial unionism
- D. Union shop
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Industrial unionism. Industrial unionism represents all workers in a particular industry, regardless of their job roles. In this scenario, the workers seeking union representation include various non-nursing employees, making industrial unionism the most suitable option to protect all workers in the agency.
A: A right-to-work bargaining organization focuses on individual rights and does not necessarily represent all workers collectively.
B: An occupational union typically represents workers in a specific occupation or trade, not all workers in an industry.
D: A union shop requires all workers to join the union after a probationary period, which may not apply to all workers in this scenario.
Which statement about the U.S. healthcare system made by the nurse is untrue and inaccurate?
- A. There is no central agency governing the healthcare system.
- B. Access to healthcare is available to all persons regardless of ability to pay.
- C. Legal risk must be considered when providing healthcare.
- D. High-tech equipment is available but payment for its use is troublesome to the system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Access to healthcare in the U.S. is not universally available regardless of ability to pay. This is inaccurate as many individuals face financial barriers to healthcare due to lack of insurance or high costs. Choice A is true as there is no central agency governing the U.S. healthcare system. Choice C is also true as legal risk is an important consideration in healthcare delivery. Choice D is true as high-tech equipment availability and payment issues are challenges in the healthcare system.
For what purpose does the nursing student predominantly use knowledge about the history of nursing?
- A. To understand the professional choices open to the student
- B. To prevent medication errors in practice
- C. To determine the optimal geographical area for practice
- D. To reduce the cost of delivering quality health care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To understand the professional choices open to the student. Understanding the history of nursing helps students learn about the evolution of the profession, key figures, and important milestones. This knowledge provides insight into various career paths, specialties, and opportunities within nursing. It also helps students appreciate the values, ethics, and core principles that shape modern nursing practice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the history of nursing is not primarily used for preventing medication errors, determining geographical areas for practice, or reducing healthcare costs.
What is customer satisfaction primarily based on?
- A. Personal interactions with employees
- B. Access to modern, up-to-date facilities
- C. Availability of a wide menu selection
- D. Having to undergo fewer invasive procedures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Customer satisfaction is primarily based on personal interactions with employees because positive interactions create a sense of trust, empathy, and understanding. Customers value feeling valued and appreciated by staff, which directly impacts their overall experience. In contrast, access to modern facilities and wide menu selection may enhance satisfaction, but they are secondary factors. Having to undergo fewer invasive procedures is irrelevant in the context of customer satisfaction in most industries.