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What is a severe adverse effect of iron supplementation?
- A. Seizures
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Edema
- D. Serotonin syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A severe adverse effect of iron supplementation is seizures. Iron toxicity can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, lethargy, and in severe cases, seizures. It is important for individuals taking iron supplements to follow recommended dosages to prevent adverse effects.
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When administering a Serotonin Antagonist, what is important to monitor for?
- A. Intake and output
- B. Mental status changes
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Anorexia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering a Serotonin Antagonist, monitoring mental status changes is crucial. Serotonin Antagonists can affect neurological function, potentially leading to alterations in mental status. It is essential to assess for any changes in behavior, mood, or cognition to ensure patient safety and prompt intervention if needed.
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer IV Furosemide to a client with heart failure. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Administer the medication undiluted.
- B. Dilute the medication with normal saline.
- C. Administer the medication through a central line.
- D. Administer the medication slowly over 2 minutes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide, when administered intravenously, should be given slowly over 2 minutes to reduce the risk of ototoxicity, a known adverse effect of rapid infusion. This method allows for better monitoring of the client's response and decreases the likelihood of adverse reactions associated with a faster administration rate.
A patient about to receive a morning dose of digoxin has an apical pulse of 53 beats/min. What will the nurse do next?
- A. Administer the dos
- C. Administer the dose, and notify the prescriber.
- D. Check the radial pulse for 1 full minut
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low apical pulse rate of 53 beats/min indicates bradycardia, which is a side effect of digoxin. Before administering digoxin, the nurse should always check the patient's pulse rate. If the apical pulse is below the facility's specified parameters (typically below 60 beats/min), the nurse should withhold the dose and notify the prescriber immediately. Bradycardia can be an indication of digoxin toxicity, which can be potentially life-threatening, so it is crucial to follow the protocol and seek further guidance before administering the medication.
A patient in the clinic reports difficulty tolerating the current ACE inhibitor medication, and questions if another medication could be used. The nurse correctly suspects the prescriber will choose which medication, which affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
- A. atenolol
- B. losartan
- C. spironolactone
- D. adenosine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is often used as an alternative to ACE inhibitors. Atenolol (A) is a beta-blocker, spironolactone (C) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and adenosine (D) is used for arrhythmias. ARBs like losartan are preferred for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough or angioedema.
What is one of the therapeutic uses of Valproate?
- A. Suppression of seizure activity
- B. Replacement of hypothyroidism to restore normal hormone balance
- C. Maintenance of blood glucose
- D. Lowering of blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproate, also known as Valproic acid, is commonly used in medicine for the suppression of seizure activity. It is an anticonvulsant medication that helps manage and prevent seizures in various conditions such as epilepsy. While it is not used for replacing hypothyroidism, maintaining blood glucose levels, or lowering blood pressure, its primary therapeutic use is in managing seizures.