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What is an important intervention in providing a neutral thermal environment for an LBW infant in an incubator?
- A. Use wool blankets.
- B. Avoid using disposable diapers.
- C. Prevent heat loss.
- D. Closely monitor both incubator and rectal temperatures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing heat loss in a low birth weight (LBW) infant is crucial in maintaining a neutral thermal environment. The use of cotton blankets is recommended over wool blankets. Avoiding disposable diapers is not directly related to maintaining a neutral thermal environment. While monitoring temperatures is important, the key intervention is preventing heat loss to ensure the infant's survival.
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When assessing an infant with intussusception, what type of stool would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Soft, seedy stool
- B. Currant-jelly stool
- C. Ribbon-like stool
- D. Soft and pasty stool
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Currant-jelly stool. This type of stool, which is red and mucous-like, is a classic sign of intussusception in infants. Choice A (Soft, seedy stool) is incorrect as it does not specifically describe the characteristic stool associated with intussusception. Choice C (Ribbon-like stool) is incorrect; ribbon-like stool may be seen in conditions like colon cancer, not intussusception. Choice D (Soft and pasty stool) is also incorrect as it does not match the typical stool finding in intussusception.
When a pre-school child says the sun shines to keep her warm, this is an example of:
- A. Animism
- B. Artificialism
- C. Egocentrism
- D. Centering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Artificialism. Artificialism is the belief that natural phenomena are created by human beings for human purposes. In this scenario, the child attributes human-like intentions to the sun, assuming it shines specifically to keep her warm. Choice A, Animism, is the belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive and have feelings. Choice C, Egocentrism, refers to a child's difficulty in seeing things from another person's perspective. Choice D, Centering, involves focusing on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring other relevant aspects.
How is family systems theory best described?
- A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
- B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
- C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
- D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.
What tool would be most useful to assess maternal and newborn attachment behaviors?
- A. Apgar
- B. Ballard scale
- C. NCAST (Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training) Feeding Scale
- D. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The NCAST Feeding Scale is the most suitable tool to evaluate maternal and newborn attachment behaviors during feedings. It focuses on observing the interaction between the parent and infant, providing insights into their bonding. The Apgar score is used to assess a neonate's immediate transition to life outside the womb, not specifically maternal and newborn attachment behaviors. The Ballard scale is used to estimate gestational age, not to assess attachment behaviors. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is designed to evaluate a newborn's responses to various stimuli, not specifically maternal and newborn attachment behaviors.
The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of a child aged 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?
- A. Selfishness
- B. Unable to see another's point of view
- C. Able to put self in another's place
- D. Prefers to play alone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Egocentricity in children aged 2 to 7 years means they are unable to see things from another person's perspective. This characteristic is a normal part of their cognitive development during this stage. Choice A, 'Selfishness,' is not an accurate description as egocentricity is more about a limited ability to understand others' viewpoints rather than intentional selfishness. Choice C, 'Able to put self in another's place,' is incorrect as egocentric children struggle to do this. Choice D, 'Prefers to play alone,' is not directly related to egocentricity but may be a behavior exhibited by some children for various reasons.