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What is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschool children?
- A. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity.
- B. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories.
- C. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requirements for toddlers.
- D. Requirements for calories per unit of body weight increase slightly during the preschool period.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parents need to be reassured that the quality of food eaten is more important than the quantity. Children are able to self-regulate their intake when offered foods high in nutritional value. The average daily caloric intake should be approximately 1800 calories. Toddlers and preschoolers have similar nutritional requirements. There is an overall slight decrease in needed calories and fluids during the preschool period.
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The nurse is explaining average weight gain during the preschool years to a group of parents. Which average weight gain should the nurse suggest to the parents?
- A. 1 to 2 kg
- B. 2 to 3 kg
- C. 3 to 4 kg
- D. 4 to 5 kg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The average weight gain remains approximately 2 to 3 kg (4.56.5 lb) per year during the preschool period.
In terms of cognitive development, a 5-year-old child should be expected to do which?
- A. Think abstractly.
- B. Use magical thinking.
- C. Understand conservation of matter.
- D. Understand another persons perspective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Magical thinking is believing that thoughts can cause events. An example is thinking of the death of a parent might cause it to happen. Abstract thought does not develop until the school-age years. The concept of conservation is the cognitive task of school-age children, ages 5 to 7 years. A 5-year-old child cannot understand another persons perspective.
In terms of fine motor development, what should the 3-year-old child be expected to do?
- A. Tie shoelaces.
- B. Copy (draw) a circle.
- C. Use scissors or a pencil very well.
- D. Draw a person with seven to nine parts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Three-year-old children are able to accomplish the fine motor skill of copying (drawing) a circle. The ability to tie shoelaces, to use scissors or a pencil very well, and to draw a person with seven to nine parts are fine motor skills of 5-year-old children.
The nurse is talking to the parent of a 5-year-old child who refuses to go to sleep at night. What intervention should the nurse suggest in helping the parent to cope with this sleep disturbance?
- A. Establish a consistent punishment if the child does not go to bed when told.
- B. Allow the child to fall asleep in a different room and then gently move the child to his or her bed.
- C. Establish limited rituals that signal readiness for bedtime.
- D. Allow the child to watch television until almost asleep.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An appropriate intervention for a child who resists going to bed is to establish limited rituals such as a bath or story that signal readiness for bed and consistently follow through with the ritual. Punishing the child will not alleviate the resistance problem and may only add to the frustration. Allowing the child to fall asleep in a different room and to watch television to fall asleep are not recommended approaches to sleep resistance.
A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that she doesnt want another blood sample drawn because I need all of my insides and I dont want anyone taking them out. What is the nurses best interpretation of this?
- A. The child is being overly dramatic.
- B. The child has a disturbed body image.
- C. Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries.
- D. Preschoolers normally have a good understanding of their bodies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preschoolers have little understanding of body boundaries, which leads to fears of mutilation. The child is not capable of being dramatic at this age. She truly has fear. Body image is just developing in school-age children. Preschoolers do not have good understanding of their bodies.