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What is most important for the nurse to do before giving a drug for the first time?
- A. Obtain the patient's allergy history
- B. Obtain information about the drug
- C. Inquire if the patient has any objections to syringes
- D. Discuss the dosage with other nurses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before giving any drug for the first time, the nurse should ask the patient about any known allergies as well as any family history of allergies. The nurse need not particularly obtain information about the drug as it has been prescribed by the physician, but needs to be aware of the adverse effects it may cause. There is also no need to discuss the dosage with other nurses or to find out if the client has any objections to syringes. However, the nurse should help allay the patient's fears by reassuring him or her about the administration.
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What routes are used for parenteral drug administration? Select all that apply.
- A. Subcutaneous
- B. Intramuscular
- C. Intradural
- D. Intravenous
- E. Intradermal
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: A nurse can administer parenteral drugs via subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, and, in some instances, intra-arterial routes by means of a catheter placed by a physician in an artery. The primary health care provider can administer a drug via the intradural route.
What action is most appropriate immediately after administering an opioid drug?
- A. Monitoring the vital signs of the patient
- B. Documenting administration of the drug
- C. Informing the patient about the type of drug
- D. Updating the physician regarding the patient's condition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After administration of any drug, the nurse should immediately document the administration. After the documentation is complete, the nurse can record the patient's vital signs. The patient needs to be informed about the drug before the administration. The physician need not be immediately informed, unless the client develops severe adverse reactions.
What actions are appropriate when administering an intramuscular injection? Select all that apply.
- A. Always wear gloves
- B. Cleanse skin at injection site
- C. Place pressure on the area after removing the needle
- D. Recap the needle before disposal
- E. Aspirate after inserting the needle
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: When administering an intramuscular injection, the nurse should always wear gloves, cleanse the skin at the injection site prior to administration, aspirate for 5 to 10 seconds after inserting the needle, apply pressure to the area after removing the needle, and never recap the needle.
What action is most appropriate when administering a transdermal drug?
- A. Apply next dose to a new site
- B. Check the infusion rate
- C. Inject only the inner part of the forearm
- D. Give small volumes of doses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An important nursing intervention when administrating drugs through the transdermal route is to apply the next dose to a new site. It is important to check the infusion rate every 15 to 30 minutes in patients using infusion controllers or infusion pumps. When using the intradermal route, the inner part of the forearm should be used as the injection site and small volumes of doses should be administered.
When using a bar-code point-of-care medication system, which items should the nurse scan prior to drug administration? Select all that apply.
- A. Client's hospital chart
- B. Client's identification band
- C. Drug unit dose package
- D. Nurse's identification badge
- E. Client's medication administration record
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The bar-code point-of-care medication system requires that the client's identification band, the drug unit dose package, and the nurse's identification badge are all scanned prior to drug administration.