Nokea
What is the action of ergotamine?
- A. Increases hypoperfusion of basilar artery vascular bed.
- B. Decreases hypoperfusion of basilar artery vascular bed.
- C. Increases hyperperfusion of basilar artery vascular bed.
- D. Decreases hyperperfusion of basilar artery vascular bed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreases hyperperfusion of basilar artery vascular bed. Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor that acts on serotonin receptors, reducing blood flow and decreasing hyperperfusion in the basilar artery. This helps in treating conditions like migraines by reducing the dilation of blood vessels. Choice A is incorrect because ergotamine does not increase hypoperfusion, but rather decreases hyperperfusion. Choice B is incorrect as ergotamine does not decrease hypoperfusion. Choice C is incorrect since ergotamine does not increase hyperperfusion, rather it decreases it.
You may also like to solve these questions
What electrolyte inactivates troponin and allows actin and myosin to form a bridge enabling fibers to contract?
- A. Magnesium.
- B. Sodium.
- C. Potassium.
- D. Calcium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium. Calcium is the electrolyte that inactivates troponin, allowing actin and myosin to form a bridge for muscle contraction. Calcium binds to troponin, causing a conformational change that moves tropomyosin out of the way, exposing the binding sites on actin for myosin. Magnesium (A) is important for muscle relaxation, not contraction. Sodium (B) and Potassium (C) are involved in action potential generation and propagation, not in the direct mechanism of muscle contraction.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving warfarin and notes bruising and petechiae on the patient's extremities. The nurse will request an order for which?
- A. Vitamin K Level.
- B. PTT and aPTT.
- C. International normalized ratio (INR).
- D. Platelet level.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: International normalized ratio (INR). When a patient on warfarin presents with bruising and petechiae, it suggests potential over-anticoagulation. INR measures the effectiveness of warfarin therapy by assessing clotting time. An elevated INR indicates a higher risk of bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation. Ordering a Vitamin K level (choice A) is not necessary as the patient is already on warfarin. PTT and aPTT (choice B) are not specific to monitoring warfarin therapy. Platelet level (choice D) is not indicated for assessing warfarin effects.
A geriatric patient received a narcotic analgesic before leaving the post-anesthesia care unit to return to the regular unit. What is the priority nursing action for the nurse receiving the patient on the regular unit?
- A. Administer a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
- B. Put side rails up and place bed in the lowest position.
- C. Encourage fluids.
- D. Create a restful dark environment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Put side rails up and place bed in the lowest position. This is the priority nursing action as the geriatric patient who received a narcotic analgesic may experience drowsiness or confusion, increasing the risk of falls. By putting up the side rails and lowering the bed, the nurse is ensuring the patient's safety and preventing falls. Administering a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (choice A) is not the priority as the patient's safety should be addressed first. Encouraging fluids (choice C) and creating a restful dark environment (choice D) are important but not as crucial as ensuring the patient's immediate safety.
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multi-dose bottle. The label is torn and soiled, but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
- B. Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
- C. Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
- D. Find the drug information and make a new label for the bottle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle. The nurse's priority is patient safety. A torn and soiled label increases the risk of administering the wrong medication, dosage, or route. Discarding the bottle ensures that the correct medication is given, preventing potential harm to the patient. Administering the medication with a damaged label poses a significant risk of medication error. Asking another nurse to verify or making a new label does not eliminate the risk associated with using a compromised bottle. Finding drug information for a new label may introduce inaccuracies. Prioritizing patient safety by obtaining a new bottle is the best course of action in this situation.
A patient who has epilepsy will begin an anticonvulsant medication. The patient asks the nurse how long the medication will be necessary. How will the nurse respond?
- A. You will take the medication as needed for seizure activity.
- B. The medication will be given until you are seizure free.
- C. You will take the medication for 3 to 5 years.
- D. The medication is usually taken for a lifetime.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The medication is usually taken for a lifetime. The rationale for this is that epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Anticonvulsant medications are typically prescribed long-term to help control and prevent seizures. Discontinuing the medication can lead to breakthrough seizures and potential risks to the patient's safety and well-being. Choices A and B are incorrect because anticonvulsants are not typically taken on an as-needed basis and the goal is not just to be seizure-free temporarily. Choice C is incorrect as the duration of anticonvulsant therapy may vary depending on the individual's condition and response to treatment, but it is often longer than 3 to 5 years.