Nokea
What is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet?
- A. 2 to 3 months
- B. 4 to 6 months
- C. When birth weight has tripled
- D. When tooth eruption has started
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing solid foods into an infant's diet between 4 to 6 months of age. At this stage, most infants have developed the necessary motor skills to start eating solid foods, such as being able to sit up and hold their head steady. Additionally, their digestive system has matured enough to handle solid foods. Introducing solid foods too early, such as at 2 to 3 months (Option A), can increase the risk of digestive issues and allergies. Waiting for tooth eruption (Option D) is not a reliable indicator as some infants may begin teething earlier or later than others. Waiting for the birth weight to triple (Option C) is not necessary as infants can start on solid foods once they reach the appropriate developmental stage around 4 to 6 months.
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Kimberly, age 3 years, is being admitted for about 1 week of hospitalization. Her parents tell the nurse that they are going to buy her "a lot of new toys, because she will be in the hospital." The nurse's reply should be based on an understanding of which concept?
- A. New toys make hospitalization easier.
- B. New toys are usually better than older ones for children of this age.
- C. At this age, children often need the comfort and reassurance of familiar toys from home.
- D. Buying new toys for a hospitalized child is a maladaptive way to cope with parental guilt.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is based on the understanding that at the age of 3, children often find comfort and reassurance in familiar toys from home. This familiarity can help them cope with the stress and unfamiliar environment of being hospitalized. Introducing new toys may not provide the same level of comfort and may even add to the child's sense of disorientation during their stay in the hospital. It is essential to prioritize the child's emotional well-being and provide them with familiar items that can offer a sense of security during their hospitalization.
Which is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A major complication in a child with chronic renal failure is water and sodium retention, leading to fluid overload and hypertension. Because the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to regulate fluid and sodium levels in the body effectively. This can result in edema, increased blood pressure, and potential heart complications. Monitoring and managing fluid and sodium intake are essential in managing this complication in children with chronic renal failure.
A parent asks the nurse to define Talipes Varus. The nurse tells the parent that it is which of the following?
- A. An inversion or bending inward of the foot.
- B. An eversion or bending outward of the foot.
- C. A high arch of the foot.
- D. A low arch (flatfoot) of the foot.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Talipes Varus is a congenital deformity that involves the inward bending or inversion of the foot. The word "varus" specifically refers to the inward deviation of a body part, such as the foot in this case. This condition is also known as clubfoot, where the foot is twisted internally and downward. Treatment typically involves gentle manipulation and stretching of the foot, followed by casting or bracing to gradually correct the position of the foot.
Which of the following nursing interventions will help prevent a further increase in ICP?
- A. Encourage fluids
- B. Provide physical therapy
- C. Elevate the head of the bed
- D. Reposition the patient frequently
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed helps to promote venous drainage from the brain, which can help reduce intracranial pressure (ICP). By positioning the patient with the head of the bed at a 30-45 degree angle, it can facilitate the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and blood, thus preventing a further increase in ICP. This intervention is a crucial aspect of managing patients with increased ICP and can help improve their overall neurological status.
In assisting a physician to perform a thoracentesis to Mr. Sy, how should the nurse postion a patient with pleural effusion of the left lung?
- A. supine with the left arm extended over the head
- B. sitting at the side of the bed with both arms resting on alocked overbed table
- C. high fowler's with both arms resting on pillows
- D. semi-fowlers with both arms resting on pillows
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In performing a thoracentesis for a patient with pleural effusion of the left lung, the patient should be positioned sitting at the side of the bed with both arms resting on an overbed table. This position allows for better access to the left lung area and helps the patient maintain a comfortable and stable position during the procedure. Sitting position also helps to expand the intercostal spaces, making it easier for the physician to access the pleural fluid. Additionally, having both arms resting on an overbed table helps the patient remain still and reduce the risk of injury during the procedure. Therefore, this position is the most suitable for performing a thoracentesis for a patient with pleural effusion of the left lung.