Nokea
What is the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation?
- A. Elimination
- B. Bioavailability
- C. Metabolism
- D. Drug displacement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation, a key pharmacokinetic parameter.
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Taking which drug with food maximizes it bioavailability?
- A. Donepezil
- B. Galantamine
- C. Rivastigmine
- D. Memantine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rivastigmine's bioavailability is maximized with food, reducing GI side effects.
A 27-year-old male is admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) after a serious motorcycle accident. The patient has a head injury, abrasions covering the left side of his body, a broken left femur, and internal injuries that are not fully assessed at this time. He is transferred from the ED to the ICU. The nurse who is going to care for this patient in the ICU knows that one of their most important responsibilities in regard to drug therapy is what?
- A. Support vital functions
- B. Continue curative treatment
- C. Institute life-saving treatment
- D. Monitor the patient's response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring drug response ensures timely adjustments in critical care, optimizing therapy amidst multiple injuries.
Direct renin inhibitors have the following properties. They:
- A. Are primarily generic drugs
- B. Are a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) medication that is safe during pregnancy
- C. Can be used with an angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor blocker medications for stronger impact
- D. Shut down' the entire RAAS cycle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Direct renin inhibitors (e.g., aliskiren) can be combined with ACEIs or ARBs for enhanced RAAS blockade.
The nurse, working on the maternity unit, receives a call from a pregnant woman asking how she can know whether a medication is safe to take while pregnant. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. You can take any drug indicated as a Category A.
- B. No medications should be taken during pregnancy.
- C. Never take medication until you receive approval from your health care provider.
- D. Most medications are safe but you need to weigh benefit against risk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best response to a pregnant woman asking about medication usage is to talk with her obstetric practitioner because the best advice will come from someone who knows their health and pregnancy history. While Category A drugs have no known risk, they may be contraindicated by the woman's health condition or pregnancy issues and many pregnant women would not know what it means to be a Category A drug. Medications can be helpful during pregnancy if taken safely and appropriately. Although risk benefit needs to be weighed, it should occur with advice from the obstetric practitioner.
A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the best choice for obtaining this information?
- A. Nursing instructor
- B. Nurse assigned to the patient
- C. Clinical drug reference
- D. Prescribing health care provider
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the best choices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the clinical pharmacist.