Nokea
What is the function of bile in digestion?
- A. Emulsify fats
- B. Break down proteins
- C. Break down carbohydrates
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emulsify fats. Bile emulsifies fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats. Choices B and C are incorrect as bile specifically targets fats, not proteins or carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as bile plays a crucial role in fat digestion.
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Where does the absorption of most nutrients take place?
- A. stomach
- B. small intestine
- C. large intestine
- D. rectum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: small intestine. The absorption of most nutrients occurs in the small intestine due to its large surface area, which is facilitated by villi and microvilli. Digestive enzymes and bile produced by the liver and pancreas help break down food into absorbable nutrients. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream for distribution to the body. The stomach primarily functions in digestion, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts and the rectum stores waste before elimination.
Chemical digestion of protein begins in the:
- A. mouth
- B. stomach
- C. small intestine
- D. large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. Chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach where the enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides. The stomach's acidic environment activates pepsinogen to pepsin. In contrast, the mouth primarily performs mechanical digestion through chewing, and the small intestine is where further breakdown and absorption of nutrients occur. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, with minimal involvement in protein digestion.
Accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called
- A. peritonitis.
- B. a hiatal hernia.
- C. an inguinal hernia.
- D. ascites.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ascites. Ascites is the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition can be caused by liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Peritonitis (A) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not fluid accumulation. Hiatal hernia (B) is a condition where the stomach bulges through the diaphragm. Inguinal hernia (C) is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal. Hence, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.
Which of the following diagnostic tests can be given to a client who cannot retain dye tablets given to test his gallbladder?
- A. Oral cholecystography
- B. Cholangiography
- C. Barium enema
- D. Barium swallow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cholangiography is used as an alternative to oral cholecystography when a client cannot retain the dye tablets.
The important enzymes present in Pancreatic juice are :
- A. Trypsin, Amylopsin, Steapsin
- B. Pepsin, Rennin, Gastric Lipase
- C. Erepsin, Invertase, Lipase
- D. Ptyalin, Maltase, Lactase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because pancreatic juice contains Trypsin for protein digestion, Amylopsin for carbohydrate digestion, and Steapsin for fat digestion. Trypsin breaks down proteins into peptides, Amylopsin breaks down carbohydrates into sugars, and Steapsin breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Pepsin, Rennin, and Gastric Lipase (option B) are enzymes found in the stomach, while Erepsin, Invertase, and Lipase (option C) are enzymes found in the small intestine. Ptyalin, Maltase, and Lactase (option D) are enzymes involved in digestion but are not found in pancreatic juice.