Immune System ATI Quizlet

Immune System ATI Quizlet Related

Review Immune System ATI Quizlet related questions and content

What is the main difference between the clonal selection theory proposed by MacFarlane Burnet and the selection theory proposed by Paul Ehrlich?

  • A. Ehrlich proposed that structure complementarity between antigens and receptors is crucial for a specific response whereas Burnet overlooked the issue of specificity
  • B. Ehrlich proposed that each cell able to produce antibodies would express several receptors, each specific for different antigens whereas Burnet proposed that each single antibody-producing cell expresses only one type of receptors
  • C. Ehrlich thought that antibodies released from a cell were different from the receptors expressed on the same cell. Burnet thought that soluble antibodies and receptors produced by a single cell were identical
  • D. Ehrlich's theory lacks the concept of release of a soluble form of the antigen receptor, an idea elaborated for the first time by Burnet.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Ehrlich proposed that each cell producing antibodies would express several receptors, each specific for different antigens, whereas Burnet proposed that each single antibody-producing cell expresses only one type of receptor. This is the main difference between the two theories. Ehrlich's concept of multiple receptors per cell allows for a broader range of specificity and diversity in the immune response. The other choices are incorrect because they do not directly address the main difference between the two theories as outlined above. Choice A is incorrect because both Ehrlich and Burnet emphasized the importance of specificity, but they differed in their views on receptor diversity per cell. Choice C is incorrect because it focuses on the identity of soluble antibodies and receptors, which is not the main differentiator between the two theories. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions the release of soluble antigen receptors, which is not the main point of differentiation between Ehrlich and Burnet's theories.

You may also like to solve these questions

A client is in the hospital and has received two doses of an angiotensin-converting enzyme for hypertension. When the nurse answers the client's call light, the client presents an appearance as shown below: What action by the nurse takes is most appropriate?

  • A. Administer epinephrine 1:1000, 0.3 mg IV push immediately.
  • B. Apply oxygen by facemask at 100% and a pulse oximeter.
  • C. Ensure a patent airway while calling the Rapid Response Team.
  • D. Reassure the client that these symptoms will go away.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action by the nurse is to ensure a patent airway while calling the Rapid Response Team (Choice C). This is because the client is showing signs of angioedema, a potential adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Angioedema can lead to airway compromise and respiratory distress, hence ensuring a patent airway is crucial. Additionally, calling the Rapid Response Team will allow for immediate medical intervention and monitoring of the client's condition.

Choice A (Administer epinephrine) is incorrect as epinephrine is not the first-line treatment for angioedema associated with ACE inhibitors. Choice B (Apply oxygen) is not sufficient to address the potential airway compromise. Choice D (Reassure the client) is inappropriate as the client's condition requires immediate action to address the potential airway obstruction.

Which of the following is NOT an organ-specific autoimmune disease

  • A. Multiple sclerosis
  • B. Lupus
  • C. Diabetes
  • D. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lupus. Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, rather than being specific to a single organ. Multiple sclerosis (A) is a neurological autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Diabetes (C) is an autoimmune disease that affects the pancreas. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (D) is an autoimmune disease targeting the thyroid gland. Lupus does not specifically target a single organ, making it the correct choice.

During the adaptive immune response mature dendritic cells provide polarizing cytokines that influence the differentiation of Th subsets. The polarizing cytokine(s) produced by a dendritic cell depends on:

  • A. Whether it expresses MHC class I or MHC class II molecules
  • B. The type of pathogen it encounters
  • C. Which type of Fc receptor it expresses
  • D. All of the above are correct
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The type of pathogen it encounters. Dendritic cells produce different polarizing cytokines based on the type of pathogen they encounter. This is crucial for directing the differentiation of T helper (Th) subsets. Choice A is incorrect because the expression of MHC class I or II molecules by dendritic cells is important for antigen presentation to T cells, not for determining polarizing cytokines. Choice C is also incorrect because Fc receptors are involved in antibody-mediated immune responses, not in determining polarizing cytokines. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly influences the differentiation of Th subsets by providing appropriate polarizing cytokines based on the encountered pathogen.

Hfr strains of bacteria:

  • A. do not have an 'F' (fertility) factor.
  • B. have an 'F' factor plasmid.
  • C. have an 'F' factor integrated in the bacterial chromosome.
  • D. transfer the genetic information to other bacteria with ow frequency.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Hfr strains of bacteria have the F factor integrated into their bacterial chromosome. This integration allows for the transfer of genetic material during conjugation. This integration results in a high frequency of genetic information transfer to recipient cells, which is a characteristic of Hfr strains.

Choice A is incorrect because Hfr strains do have the F factor, but it is integrated into their chromosome, not absent. Choice B is incorrect because Hfr strains do not just have an F factor plasmid; it is integrated into the chromosome. Choice D is incorrect because Hfr strains actually transfer genetic information with high frequency, not low frequency.

Which is not a PAMP?

  • A. Viral dsRNA
  • B. Peptidoglycan
  • C. ROS
  • D. Flagellin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) is not a PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern) because it is not a specific molecular pattern derived from pathogens. PAMPs are recognized by the innate immune system to trigger an immune response. Viral dsRNA, peptidoglycan, and flagellin are all examples of PAMPs as they are specific molecules commonly found in pathogens that can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells, leading to activation of the immune response.ROS, on the other hand, are reactive molecules produced by host cells in response to pathogens but are not specific molecular patterns derived from pathogens. Therefore, ROS is not considered a PAMP.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.