Immune System Quiz Quizlet

Immune System Quiz Quizlet Related

Review Immune System Quiz Quizlet related questions and content

What is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in red blood cells?

  • A. Leukopenia
  • B. Thrombocytopenia
  • C. Anemia
  • D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anemia. Anemia is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, and a decrease in their numbers can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and paleness.

Rationale:
1. Leukopenia (A) refers to a decrease in white blood cells, not red blood cells.
2. Thrombocytopenia (B) is a decrease in platelets, which are involved in blood clotting, not red blood cells.
3. Hemolysis (D) is the breakdown of red blood cells, not a decrease in their numbers.

In summary, anemia is the correct answer as it specifically describes the condition of low red blood cell count, while the other choices are related to decreases in different components of blood.

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Match the immunoglobulins with their primary functions:

  • A. 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
  • B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
  • C. 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A
  • D. 1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D. Immunoglobulins are antibodies with different functions:
1. IgG (C) - Main antibody in secondary immune response.
2. IgA (A) - Found in mucosal areas, neutralizes pathogens.
3. IgM (B) - First antibody produced in primary immune response.
4. IgE (D) - Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites. Other choices are incorrect as they mismatch the immunoglobulins with their functions.

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is admitted to the hospital for evaluation and management of acute joint inflammation. Which information obtained in the admission laboratory testing concerns you most?

  • A. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is elevated.
  • B. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level is increased.
  • C. The anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test is positive.
  • D. The lupus erythematosus (LE) cell prep is positive.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An elevated BUN level may indicate kidney involvement which is a serious complication of SLE. The other findings are expected in SLE and do not indicate an urgent problem. CRP is a marker of inflammation and positive ANA and LE cell prep are diagnostic of SLE but do not indicate acute complications.

A patient’s documentation indicates he has a stage III pressure ulcer on his right hip. What should the nurse expect to find on assessment of the patient’s right hip?

  • A. Exposed bone, tendon, or muscle
  • B. An abrasion, blister, or shallow crater
  • C. Deep crater through subcutaneous tissue to fascia
  • D. Persistent redness (or bluish color in darker skin tones)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Stage III pressure ulcers penetrate through all layers of the skin but do not expose underlying structures such as bone or muscle.

Which complement pathway is triggered by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)?

  • A. Alternative pathway
  • B. Classical pathway
  • C. Lectin pathway
  • D. Terminal pathway
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Lectin pathway. MBL recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns containing mannose, initiating the lectin pathway. MBL binds to mannose on microbial surfaces, activating MBL-associated serine proteases, leading to the formation of the C3 convertase. This triggers the rest of the complement cascade.

A: Alternative pathway is triggered by spontaneous hydrolysis of C3, not by MBL.
B: Classical pathway is activated by antigen-antibody complexes, not MBL.
D: Terminal pathway (also known as the membrane attack complex) is the final step of all complement pathways, not specifically triggered by MBL.

The patient is experiencing fibrosis and glomerulopathy a year after a kidney transplant. Which type of rejection is occurring?

  • A. Acute
  • B. Chronic
  • C. Delayed
  • D. Hyperacute
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic rejection occurs over time and involves fibrosis and structural changes in the transplanted organ.

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