Nokea
What is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting?
- A. Iron
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting. When there is a cut or injury that causes bleeding, the body's clotting process is initiated to stop the bleeding. Calcium ions play a crucial role in several steps of the clotting cascade, helping to activate various clotting factors and promoting the formation of a stable blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the blood would not be able to clot properly, leading to potential complications with excessive bleeding.
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When caring for a child that has undergone a tonsillectomy, the nurse should do which of the following?
- A. Observe for continuous swallowing.
- B. Encourage gargling with warm saline water.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the throat.
- D. Apply cold compresses to the throat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for a child that has undergone a tonsillectomy, the nurse should observe for continuous swallowing. Continuous swallowing may indicate bleeding, and it is important to monitor for this postoperatively as it can be a sign of hemorrhage, which is a potential complication following a tonsillectomy. Encouraging the child to take sips of clear fluids can help in assessing if there is bleeding. Observing for any signs of bleeding, such as frequent swallowing, along with monitoring vital signs and overall assessment, is crucial during the initial postoperative period.
The nurse is assessing a 3-month-old during a well-baby visit. Which of the following findings would warrant the nurse to recommend that the baby have an ultrasound for a possible diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?
- A. Bilateral plantar flexion
- B. Unequal knee heights
- C. Bilateral polydactyly
- D. Positive Babinski test 113
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a condition where the hip joint does not develop normally. It is important to detect DDH early in infants as it can lead to long-term hip problems. One of the key physical exam findings that may suggest DDH is unequal knee heights when the infant's legs are flexed. This is known as the Galeazzi sign, and it can indicate hip dysplasia or dislocation. Therefore, if a nurse observes this finding during an assessment of a 3-month-old infant, it would warrant recommending an ultrasound to further evaluate for possible DDH. Bilateral plantar flexion, bilateral polydactyly, and a positive Babinski test are not typically associated with DDH.
A newly diagnosed patient asks what asthma is. Which of the ff. explanations by the nurse is correct?
- A. "Your airways are inflamed and spastic."
- B. ""You have fluid in your lungs that is causing shortness of breath."
- C. "Your airways are stretched and non-functional."
- D. "You have a low-grade infection that keeps your bronchial tree irritated."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A, "Your airways are inflamed and spastic," is the correct explanation of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which causes difficulty in breathing, coughing, and wheezing. The inflammation leads to the airways becoming extremely sensitive to various triggers, such as allergens, irritants, or exercise, resulting in spasms that further constrict the air passages. This constriction makes it challenging for air to move in and out of the lungs efficiently, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath. It is essential for the patient to understand that asthma is primarily an inflammatory condition rather than a structural or infectious problem.
The nurse is interviewing a client about his past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?
- A. Duodenal ulcer
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hemorrhoids
- D. Polyps
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The presence of polyps in the colon is a significant risk factor for developing colorectal cancer. Polyps are abnormal growths in the inner lining of the colon or rectum that can potentially become cancerous over time if left untreated. Therefore, if a client has a history of polyps, the nurse may suspect the possibility of colorectal cancer and should closely monitor the client for any signs or symptoms. While the other conditions listed may sometimes be associated with colorectal cancer, having a history of polyps is the most concerning in this context.
An adolescent with new-onset diabetes is struggling with 'daytime accidents.' What is this condition called?
- A. Primary enuresis.
- B. Secondary enuresis.
- C. Diurnal enuresis.
- D. Nocturnal enuresis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary enuresis is the recurrence of incontinence in a child who had previously achieved bladder control.