Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System related questions and content

What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?

  • A. Thyroidectomy
  • B. Administration of a radioactive cocktail of 131I (radioactive iodine)
  • C. Replacement dose of thyroid hormones
  • D. Replacement dose of calcitonin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Replacement dose of thyroid hormones. In newly diagnosed cretinism, there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to developmental delays and other health issues. Administering replacement thyroid hormones is crucial to normalize hormone levels and support proper growth and development. Thyroidectomy (choice A) is not necessary in this case as the goal is to supplement the missing hormones. Option B, the administration of radioactive iodine cocktail, is used to treat hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Choice D, replacement dose of calcitonin, is not relevant as calcitonin is involved in calcium regulation, not thyroid hormone production. Thus, the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism is the replacement dose of thyroid hormones to address the underlying hormonal deficiency.

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What is the density of the block and does it float or sink in the liquid?

  • A. 0.50, floats
  • B. 0.50, sinks
  • C. 2.0, floats
  • D. 2.0, sinks
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2.0, sinks. Density is calculated by mass/volume. If the density of the block is 2.0, it means it is denser than the liquid (density of water is around 1.0), so it will sink. If the density was 0.50, it would be less dense than the liquid and float, making choices A and C incorrect. Choice B is also incorrect as a block with a density of 0.50 would float.

ADH ________.

  • A. increases urine production
  • B. promotes dehydration
  • C. is produced in the adenohypophysis
  • D. is inhibited by alcohol
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. ADH helps regulate water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output. Alcohol impairs this process, leading to increased urine production and dehydration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because ADH decreases urine production, prevents dehydration, and is produced in the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), not the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary).

Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?

  • A. Diabetes mellitus
  • B. Hyperglycemia
  • C. Myxedema
  • D. Graves’ disease
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism, which can be effectively treated with thyroxine.
2. Thyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone that helps restore thyroid hormone levels.
3. Myxedema symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance improve with thyroxine treatment.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are not directly related to thyroid hormone levels.
B. Hyperglycemia is not primarily treated with thyroxine.
D. Graves' disease is a thyroid disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, which requires different treatments than hypothyroidism.

Mrs. A. is scheduled for a unilateral adrenalectomy. Her postoperative course is uneventful. Which discharge goal is most realistic for Mrs. A.?

  • A. Being free of symptoms without medication
  • B. Having greatly reduced symptoms on maintenance cortisone
  • C. Being free of symptoms on daily ACTH injections
  • D. Having activity restricted for life
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Postoperatively, the goal for Cushing syndrome patients is typically symptom reduction with the help of maintenance cortisone.

The chemical break down of starch begins in?

  • A. The mouth
  • B. The oesophagus
  • C. The small intestine
  • D. The stomach
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The mouth. Starch digestion begins in the mouth due to the enzyme amylase present in saliva. Amylase breaks down starch into maltose. This process initiates digestion before food reaches the stomach or small intestine. The other choices are incorrect because oesophagus primarily serves as a passage for food, the small intestine is where most digestion and nutrient absorption occur, and the stomach's main role is to break down proteins with the enzyme pepsin, not starch.

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