Nokea
What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
- A. Mastery
- B. Affective states
- C. Verbal persuasion
- D. Vicarious experience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Four primary influences shape an individual's self-efficacy beliefs: mastery; vicarious experience; verbal persuasion and other social influences; and physiological and affective states that help us judge our capability and our vulnerability to dysfunction. Mastery reflects a belief about whether or not 'we have what it takes to succeed' and is considered the most influential source of self-efficacy.
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Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
- A. Cannot be changed
- B. Requires intervention in order to change
- C. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
- D. Can be changed with patient perseverance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be changed. Requiring intervention in order to change, altering, and changed with perseverance all indicate that change is possible.
What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
- A. 60 years
- B. 70 years
- C. 80 years
- D. 90 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The life expectancy in Canada is estimated to be 80 years, specifically in 2010, it was 78.5 years for males and 82.7 years for females.
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major impact on the development of chronic illness. Social stability, urban living, and having a high school education are not factors contributing to the development of chronic illness.
According to the World Health Organization's ICF Bio-Psycho-Social Model, which of the following factors is an environmental contextual factor?
- A. Social background
- B. Behaviour pattern
- C. Social attitudes
- D. Coping style
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Contextual factors are composed of external environmental factors (e.g. social attitudes, architectural characteristics, and legal and social structures, as well as climate, terrain, and so forth). The other choices represent internal personal factors (e.g. gender, age, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current experience, overall behaviour pattern, character, and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual.
Patients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with which of the following?
- A. Less information
- B. Less travel time
- C. Ways to adjust to disease consequences
- D. Limited information on ways to cope with their symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with ways to adjust to disease consequences such as uncertainty, fear and depression, anger, loneliness, sleep disorders, memory loss, exercise needs, nocturia, sexual dysfunction, and stress. They did not identify wanting less information, less travel time, or limited information on coping strategies but they do also want shorter wait times.