Nokea
Which of the following is an example of multimorbidity?
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection
- B. Lung cancer and pneumonia
- C. Chronic kidney disease and appendicitis
- D. Diabetes and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multimorbidity is the simultaneous occurrence of several chronic medical conditions, which may or may not be related to each other, in the same person. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and appendicitis are all acute conditions.
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Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
- A. Lung
- B. Breast
- C. Cervix
- D. Testicles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic testing can also show an inherited predisposition to several different types of cancer, including breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer.
The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia. Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
- A. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
- B. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
- C. Impact of the patient's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
- D. Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the tasks for patients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The patient needs instruction on recognition of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The other information also may be included in patient teaching, but is not as essential in the patient's self-management of the illness.
Which of the following diseases has the highest proportion of chronic illness deaths in Canada?
- A. Cancer
- B. Diabetes
- C. Cardiovascular disease
- D. Chronic respiratory disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiovascular diseases (37%) were responsible for the highest proportion of global deaths in 2012, followed by cancers (7%), chronic respiratory diseases (8%), and diabetes (4%).
Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as 'challenge'?
- A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
- B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
- C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
- D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Challenge is the anticipation of change. The person with health-related hardiness, when confronted with a health stressor, possesses sufficient self-mastery and confidence to appraise and modify responses appropriately (control) and cognitively reappraises the health stressor so it is viewed as stimulating and beneficial or an opportunity for growth (challenge).
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major impact on the development of chronic illness. Social stability, urban living, and having a high school education are not factors contributing to the development of chronic illness.