Nokea
According to the World Health Organization's ICF Bio-Psycho-Social Model, which of the following factors is an environmental contextual factor?
- A. Social background
- B. Behaviour pattern
- C. Social attitudes
- D. Coping style
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Contextual factors are composed of external environmental factors (e.g. social attitudes, architectural characteristics, and legal and social structures, as well as climate, terrain, and so forth). The other choices represent internal personal factors (e.g. gender, age, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current experience, overall behaviour pattern, character, and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual.
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Which of these patients assigned to the nurse is most likely to need planning for long-term nursing management?
- A. 22-year-old with appendicitis who has had an emergency appendectomy
- B. 56-year-old with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who weighs 159 kg
- C. 34-year-old with cholecystitis who has had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- D. 62-year-old with acute sinusitis who will require antibiotic therapy for 5 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's osteoarthritis is a chronic problem that will require planning for long-term interventions such as physical therapy and nutrition counselling. The other patients have acute problems that are not likely to require long-term management.
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major impact on the development of chronic illness. Social stability, urban living, and having a high school education are not factors contributing to the development of chronic illness.
Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in which of the following trajectory phases?
- A. Pretrajectory
- B. Onset
- C. Comeback
- D. Downward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in the trajectory phase of comeback. Pretrajectory goal is to prevent the onset of chronic illness. The onset goal of management is to form an appropriate trajectory projection and scheme. The goal of the downward phase is to adapt to increasing disability.
Patients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with which of the following?
- A. Less information
- B. Less travel time
- C. Ways to adjust to disease consequences
- D. Limited information on ways to cope with their symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with ways to adjust to disease consequences such as uncertainty, fear and depression, anger, loneliness, sleep disorders, memory loss, exercise needs, nocturia, sexual dysfunction, and stress. They did not identify wanting less information, less travel time, or limited information on coping strategies but they do also want shorter wait times.
Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as 'challenge'?
- A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
- B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
- C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
- D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Challenge is the anticipation of change. The person with health-related hardiness, when confronted with a health stressor, possesses sufficient self-mastery and confidence to appraise and modify responses appropriately (control) and cognitively reappraises the health stressor so it is viewed as stimulating and beneficial or an opportunity for growth (challenge).