Nokea
Which of the following models view disability as directly caused by disease or trauma?
- A. Social
- B. Nursing
- C. Medical
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medical model views disability as directly caused by disease, trauma, or another health condition. Disability, from the medical model perspective, necessitates medical care provided in the form of individual treatment by providers to 'correct' the problem with the individual. The social model of disability, conversely, sees disability as a socially created problem and not an inherent attribute of an individual.
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Which of these patients assigned to the nurse is most likely to need planning for long-term nursing management?
- A. 22-year-old with appendicitis who has had an emergency appendectomy
- B. 56-year-old with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who weighs 159 kg
- C. 34-year-old with cholecystitis who has had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- D. 62-year-old with acute sinusitis who will require antibiotic therapy for 5 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's osteoarthritis is a chronic problem that will require planning for long-term interventions such as physical therapy and nutrition counselling. The other patients have acute problems that are not likely to require long-term management.
Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
- A. Social
- B. Medical
- C. Activist
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The social model of disability, conversely, sees disability as a socially created problem and not an inherent attribute of an individual. The social model perspective calls for a political response, because the problem is created by an unaccommodating physical environment brought about by attitudes and other features of the social environment.
The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia. Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
- A. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
- B. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
- C. Impact of the patient's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
- D. Symptoms indicating that the patient should contact the health care provider
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the tasks for patients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The patient needs instruction on recognition of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The other information also may be included in patient teaching, but is not as essential in the patient's self-management of the illness.
Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as 'challenge'?
- A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
- B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
- C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
- D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Challenge is the anticipation of change. The person with health-related hardiness, when confronted with a health stressor, possesses sufficient self-mastery and confidence to appraise and modify responses appropriately (control) and cognitively reappraises the health stressor so it is viewed as stimulating and beneficial or an opportunity for growth (challenge).
What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
- A. 60 years
- B. 70 years
- C. 80 years
- D. 90 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The life expectancy in Canada is estimated to be 80 years, specifically in 2010, it was 78.5 years for males and 82.7 years for females.