Nokea
What is the name of the cells that secrete hydrochloric acid into the stomach?
- A. Gastric pits
- B. Chief cells
- C. Parietal cells
- D. Enteroendocrine cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach to aid in digestion. Gastric pits are structures, not cells; chief cells secrete pepsinogen; enteroendocrine cells release hormones.
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In a clinical research study on intestinal motility, a 24-year-old male graduate student is involved. The peristalsis of the small intestine:
- A. Aids in the mixing of the food bolus
- B. Is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS)
- C. Includes the contraction of circular smooth muscle both behind and in front of the food bolus
- D. Encompasses the contraction of circular smooth muscle behind the food bolus and the relaxation of circular smooth muscle in front of the bolus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peristalsis involves circular muscle contraction behind the bolus and relaxation ahead, propelling it forward.
The intracellular canaliculi of parietal cells, all true except:
- A. Provides large surface area for ion pumps & ion transport.
- B. H+ ion result from degradation of (H2CO3) by carbonic anhydrase
- C. Carry ribosomes & continuous with rER around nucleus
- D. Carry more microvilli when the cell is active in HCl secretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intracellular canaliculi are not continuous with rER; they are specialized for ion transport and expand with microvilli during secretion.
Which enzyme helps break down fats in the digestive process?
- A. lipase
- B. pepsin
- C. papain
- D. amylase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lipase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol during digestion.
Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in :-
- A. Intestine
- B. Stomach
- C. Oesophagus
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crypts of Lieberkuhn are found in the small and large intestines.
Which of the following parts of the alimentary canal bears villi?
- A. Stomach.
- B. Ileum.
- C. Oesophagus.
- D. Rectum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ileum, part of the small intestine, contains villi that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.