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What is the primary function of red blood cells?
- A. Clotting blood
- B. Transporting oxygen
- C. Fighting infection
- D. Carrying hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. This is essential for cellular respiration and overall body functions. Red blood cells do not play a role in clotting blood, fighting infection, or carrying hormones. Choice A is incorrect because clotting blood is primarily done by platelets and other components of blood. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infection is a function mainly carried out by white blood cells. Choice D is incorrect because carrying hormones is primarily attributed to proteins like albumin and specific hormone-carrying proteins.
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What is the primary function of the immune system?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To fight infections
- C. To produce energy
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the immune system is to fight infections. It identifies and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses, protecting the body from harmful substances. While oxygen transportation is carried out by the respiratory system, energy production is mainly the role of the metabolic system, and body temperature regulation is managed by the thermoregulatory system. These functions are separate from the immune system's primary role of defending the body against infections.
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
- A. To carry oxygen
- B. To fight infections
- C. To transport nutrients
- D. To clot blood
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by primarily fighting off infections caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other invaders. They help the body recognize and destroy these harmful agents, contributing to the body's defense mechanisms against diseases. Choice A is incorrect because the primary function of red blood cells, not white blood cells, is to carry oxygen. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream as a whole, not specifically by white blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of blood clotting is primarily managed by platelets in the blood, not white blood cells.
What is the main function of the adrenal glands?
- A. Regulation of metabolism
- B. Production of bile
- C. Regulation of blood pressure
- D. Production of insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main function of the adrenal glands is to produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, metabolism, and the body's stress response. While the adrenal glands do have some impact on metabolism, their primary function is not the direct regulation of metabolism. They are not involved in the production of bile or insulin. Therefore, the correct answer is the regulation of blood pressure.
Which of the following organs is involved in the immune system?
- A. Heart
- B. Bronchi
- C. Appendix
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The appendix is involved in the immune system as it is believed to play a role in maintaining and protecting beneficial gut bacteria, especially after gastrointestinal illnesses. This helps in restoring the balance of intestinal bacteria crucial for immune function. The heart (Choice A), bronchi (Choice B), and esophagus (Choice D) are not directly involved in the immune system's functions. The heart pumps blood, the bronchi are part of the respiratory system, and the esophagus is responsible for transporting food to the stomach.
What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To secrete digestive enzymes
- C. To produce bile
- D. To store glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the process of breaking down food particles into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body for nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary function of the pancreas is not to absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose in digestion.