Nokea
What is the role of calcium supplements when patients take bisphosphonates?
- A. They must be restricted to allow the medication to work
- B. They must be taken in sufficient amounts to provide foundational elements for bone growth
- C. They must be taken at the same time as the bisphosphonates
- D. They only work with bisphosphonates if daily intake is restricted
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium supports bone health with bisphosphonates but must be timed separately (not C) to avoid interference.
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When the costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as:
- A. Cost-minimization analysis
- B. Cost-of-illness analysis
- C. Cost-effectiveness analysis
- D. Cost-benefit analysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cost-benefit analysis quantifies both costs and benefits in monetary terms.
There is a narrow margin between first appearance of adverse reaction to AChE inhibitors and serious toxic effects. Adverse reactions that require immediate action include:
- A. Dizziness and headache
- B. Nausea
- C. Decreased salivation
- D. Fasciculations of voluntary muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasciculations indicate potential cholinergic crisis, requiring urgent intervention.
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a patient for the first time. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do?
- A. Obtain the patient's allergy history.
- B. Obtain information about the drug.
- C. Inquire if the patient has any objections to syringes.
- D. Discuss the dosage with other nurses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before giving any drug for the first time, the nurse should ask the patient about any known allergies as well as any family history of allergies. The nurse need not particularly obtain information about the drug as it has been prescribed by the physician, but needs to be aware of the adverse effects it may cause. There is also no need to discuss the dosage with other nurses or to find out if the client has any objections to syringes. However, the nurse should help allay the patient's fears by reassuring him or her about the administration.
Which of the following is an adverse event of glucocorticoids:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypo acid gastritis
- C. Diabetes insipidus
- D. Dehidratation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids due to bone catabolism.
A patient's liquid cough medicine has been discontinued with one half of the bottle remaining. The home health nurse is aware that according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines on prescription medication disposal, the next step should be to:
- A. save the remainder for another patient with the same prescription.
- B. flush the remainder down the toilet.
- C. read the drug label for specific disposal instructions.
- D. pour remaining medication into a hazardous waste container.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must follow specific disposal instructions on the drug label or in the patient information leaflet that accompanies the medication. Prescription medications should not be shared among patients. Prescription drugs should not be flushed down the toilet unless specifically instructed to do so by the manufacturer. The first action to be taken is to follow disposal instructions on the label. If the drug label indicates it should be emptied into a hazardous waste container, measures should be taken to prevent leaking and/or accidental ingestion.