Nokea
What is the role of the physician when the patient lacks decisionmaking capacity and someone other than a family member has been designated as the surrogate decision maker?
- A. Follow the instructions of the family and ignore the surrogate
- B. Ignore the family and talk only to the surrogate
- C. Serve as a mediator between parties and encourage all groups to work together in the best interest of the patient, consistent with the patient's wishes
- D. Consult legal affairs to determine who should be the decisionmaker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mediation ensures collaboration and honors the patient's designated surrogate.
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The psychosexual stage associated with fixation is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anal stage is often linked to fixation (e.g., anal-retentive traits) if unresolved (Freud).
Describe the focus and issues typical of Level 3 families.
- A. Basic survival and safety concerns
- B. Relational conflicts like marital issues
- C. Identity, intimacy, and self-esteem
- D. Philosophical and existential questions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Level 3 families focus on personal growth and individuation, with issues like identity and intimacy, requiring introspective interventions rather than survival or relational fixes.
The nurse is caring for the newborn of a mother who is HIV positive. What treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant?
- A. Bacitracin
- B. Erythromycin
- C. Protease inhibitor
- D. Zidovudine (AZT)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zidovudine (AZT). This antiretroviral medication is commonly used to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. AZT reduces the risk of vertical transmission by inhibiting viral replication in the newborn. Bacitracin (A) and Erythromycin (B) are antibiotics that do not treat HIV. Protease inhibitors (C) are not typically used in newborns due to safety concerns and efficacy in preventing transmission.
Nurse Jones decides to go against family wishes and tell the client of his terminal status because that is what she would want if she were the client. Which of the following ethical theories is considered in this decision?
- A. Kantianism
- B. Christian ethics
- C. Natural law theories
- D. Ethical egoism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurse Jones bases her decision on what she would want in the client's position, reflecting a duty-based approach focused on universal moral principles, which aligns with Kantianism, option a.
A recently widowed patient tells the health care provider, I have so much epigastric discomfort. I wonder if I have an ulcer. Diagnostic tests are negative. The symptom demonstrates:
- A. early reorganization behavior.
- B. disorganization and depression.
- C. preoccupation with the deceased.
- D. normal phenomenon of mourning.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensations of somatic distress are often experienced during the acute stage of grieving. They include tightness in the throat, shortness of breath, exhaustion, and pain or sensations such as those experienced by the dead person.