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What measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?
- A. Provide adequate hydration.
- B. Change position frequently.
- C. Encourage a diet high in calcium.
- D. Provide a diet high in calories for healing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vigorous hydration (3000-4000 ml/day for adolescents) with diuretics helps manage hypercalcemia by promoting calcium excretion. Frequent position changes address skin and respiratory issues, calcium intake is restricted, and high-protein, not just high-calorie, diets aid healing.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a child in traction?
- A. Removing adhesive traction straps daily to prevent skin breakdown
- B. Assessing for tightness, weakness, or contractures in uninvolved joints and muscles
- C. Providing active range of motion exercises to affected extremity three times a day
- D. Keeping child prone to maintain good alignment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing uninvolved joints for tightness, weakness, or contractures prevents complications from traction stress. Adhesive straps are rarely removed, exercises are for unaffected limbs, and prone positioning isn?t required; alignment is maintained with movement checks.
Immobilization causes what effect on metabolism?
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Decreased metabolic rate
- C. Positive nitrogen balance
- D. Increased levels of stress hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immobilization reduces metabolic rate, slowing systems and food intake. It causes hypercalcemia, negative nitrogen balance from muscle atrophy, and decreased stress hormone production due to reduced coping capacity.
The nurse stops to assist an adolescent who has experienced severe trauma when hit by a motorcycle. The emergency medical system (EMS) has been activated. The first person who provided assistance applied a tourniquet to the childs leg because of arterial bleeding. What should the nurse do related to the tourniquet?
- A. Loosen the tourniquet.
- B. Leave the tourniquet in place.
- C. Remove the tourniquet and apply direct pressure if bleeding is still present.
- D. Remove the tourniquet every 5 minutes, leaving it off for 30 seconds each time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A tourniquet, used as a last resort for arterial bleeding, must remain in place until definitive treatment to avoid releasing toxins from necrotic tissue, which could cause tourniquet shock. Loosening or removing it prematurely risks systemic complications.
The nurse is teaching the girls varsity sports teams about the female athlete triad. What is essential information to include?
- A. They should take low to moderate calcium to avoid hypercalcemia.
- B. They have strong bones because of the athletic training.
- C. Pregnancy can occur in the absence of menstruation.
- D. A diet high in carbohydrates accommodates increased training.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pregnancy is possible despite amenorrhea in the female athlete triad, necessitating contraceptive education. High calcium (1500 mg) prevents osteoporosis, low estrogen weakens bones, and high-protein, high-calorie diets, not just carbohydrates, support intense training.
A young girl has just injured her ankle at school. In addition to notifying the childs parents, what is the most appropriate, immediate action by the school nurse?
- A. Apply ice.
- B. Observe for edema and discoloration.
- C. Encourage child to assume a position of comfort.
- D. Obtain parental permission for administration of acetaminophen or aspirin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Applying ice immediately reduces swelling and pain in soft tissue injuries, followed by rest, elevation, and compression. Observing edema, finding a comfortable position, and administering medication are secondary to ice application.