Nokea
What property of a substance remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present?
- A. Mass
- B. Weight
- C. Density
- D. Volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Density. Density is a physical property of a substance that remains constant regardless of the amount of the substance present. Mass (Choice A) is the amount of matter in an object and can change depending on the amount of the substance. Weight (Choice B) is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and can vary with location. Volume (Choice D) is the amount of space occupied by a substance and can change if the amount of the substance changes.
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Which of the following processes breaks down cellular components for recycling or waste removal?
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Cellular respiration
- C. Cell division
- D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and break down cellular components or foreign particles for recycling or waste removal. It is a vital mechanism used by cells to maintain homeostasis and remove waste materials. Photosynthesis (A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to produce food, not for breaking down cellular components. Cellular respiration (B) is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, not for waste removal. Cell division (C) is the process by which cells replicate and divide to form new cells during growth, repair, or development, not for breaking down cellular components.
What is the term for a group of organisms living in the same place and interacting with each other?
- A. Ecosystem
- B. Community
- C. Population
- D. Niche
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - A) Ecosystem refers to a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
- B) Community specifically refers to a group of organisms of different species living in the same place and interacting with each other.
- C) Population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
- D) Niche refers to the role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem.
In this context, the term for a group of organisms living in the same place and interacting with each other is best described as a community because it involves multiple species interacting within a shared habitat.
What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions (\([H^+]\)) in a solution as the pH increases?
- A. Increases
- B. Decreases
- C. Remains constant
- D. Becomes neutral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As the pH increases, the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases. The relationship is inversely proportional
What is the role of surfactant in the respiratory system?
- A. To trap dust particles
- B. To increase lung compliance
- C. To produce mucus
- D. To generate oxygen during respiration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To increase lung compliance. Surfactant is a substance produced by type II alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension in the alveoli. This reduction in surface tension helps to increase lung compliance, making it easier for the lungs to expand and contract during breathing. Improved lung compliance is essential for efficient gas exchange in the respiratory system, facilitating oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because surfactant does not trap dust particles, produce mucus, or generate oxygen during respiration. Instead, its primary function lies in reducing surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse and improve lung compliance for optimal gas exchange.
What is the technical term for the involuntary muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
- A. Segmentation
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Chylification
- D. Emulsification
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peristalsis is the term used to describe the involuntary muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract. This process involves rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the muscles in the digestive system, which help propel food from the esophagus to the stomach and through the intestines for digestion and absorption of nutrients. Segmentation refers to the mixing movements in the intestines that aid in the absorption of nutrients but is not the term for the movement of food through the digestive tract. Chylification is not a recognized term in digestive physiology. Emulsification is the process of breaking down fat globules into smaller droplets to aid in digestion, not the movement of food through the digestive tract.