Nokea
What should be included in the preoperative teaching for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a tonsillectomy?
- A. Explaining the procedure in detail
- B. Encouraging deep breathing exercises
- C. Discussing the importance of hydration
- D. Using play therapy to prepare the child
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging deep breathing exercises is important preoperative teaching for a child scheduled for a tonsillectomy. Deep breathing exercises can help the child relax and reduce anxiety, which is beneficial before the procedure. Explaining the procedure in detail might be overwhelming for a 4-year-old, whereas encouraging deep breathing exercises can be more beneficial in promoting relaxation and preparing the child. Discussing the importance of hydration is crucial for postoperative care but may not be the priority for preoperative teaching. Using play therapy can help prepare the child, but encouraging deep breathing exercises is more directly related to relaxation and preparation for the procedure.
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What clinical manifestation of tetralogy of Fallot should the nurse expect when caring for children with this diagnosis?
- A. Slow respirations
- B. Clubbing of fingers
- C. Decreased RBC counts
- D. Subcutaneous hemorrhages
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clubbing of fingers is a common manifestation in children with tetralogy of Fallot due to chronic hypoxia. Clubbing occurs as a result of long-standing decreased oxygen levels in the blood, leading to changes in the fingertips. Slow respirations (Choice A) are not typically a direct clinical manifestation of tetralogy of Fallot. While decreased RBC counts (Choice C) may occur due to chronic hypoxia, they are not a primary manifestation specific to tetralogy of Fallot. Subcutaneous hemorrhages (Choice D) are not a common clinical manifestation associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
What should parents be taught when a 7-year-old child with a history of seizures is being discharged from the hospital?
- A. Administer antiepileptic medication as prescribed
- B. Ensure the child receives adequate sleep
- C. Restrict the child's activities to prevent seizures
- D. Teach seizure first aid to family members
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Teaching seizure first aid to family members is crucial in ensuring the child's safety during a seizure. This education empowers family members to respond effectively, protect the child from injury, and provide appropriate care. Option A is incorrect because antiepileptic medication should be administered as prescribed, not only when a seizure occurs. Option B, while important for overall health, is not specific to managing seizures. Option C is incorrect as there is no evidence that restricting activities prevents seizures, and it may negatively impact the child's quality of life without offering additional safety benefits.
What factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection in children?
- A. increased fluid intake
- B. short urethra in young girls
- C. prostatic secretions in males
- D. frequent emptying of the bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The short urethra in young girls predisposes them to urinary tract infections. In young girls, the proximity of the urethra to the anus and the shorter urethra compared to boys make it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection. Increased fluid intake and frequent emptying of the bladder are actually helpful in preventing urinary tract infections by flushing out bacteria. Prostatic secretions in males are not a factor in predisposing the urinary tract to infection in children.
The nurse is teaching a group of students about myelination in a child. Which statement by the students indicates that the teaching was successful?
- A. Myelination continues into adolescence and beyond.
- B. The process occurs in a cephalocaudal (head-to-toe) pattern.
- C. Myelination decreases the speed of nerve impulses.
- D. Myelination decreases the specificity of nerve impulses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Myelination occurs in a cephalocaudal (head-to-toe) pattern, improving nerve function progressively. Choice A is incorrect as myelination continues into adolescence and beyond, not just during childhood. Choice C is incorrect because myelination actually increases the speed of nerve impulses rather than decreasing it. Choice D is incorrect as myelination enhances the specificity of nerve impulses, making them more efficient and precise rather than less specific.
What intervention best meets a major developmental need of a newborn in the immediate postoperative period?
- A. Giving a pacifier to the newborn
- B. Putting a mobile over the newborn's crib
- C. Providing the newborn with a soft, cuddly toy
- D. Warming the newborn's formula before feeding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is giving a pacifier to the newborn. Sucking is a natural reflex and a source of comfort for newborns, especially postoperatively. A pacifier can help meet their developmental needs by providing soothing comfort. Choices B, C, and D do not directly address the major developmental need related to the newborn's comfort and reflexes postoperatively. Putting a mobile over the crib, providing a cuddly toy, or warming formula, although potentially beneficial in other contexts, do not specifically target the developmental need of sucking for comfort. Offering a pacifier is a safe and effective way to address this developmental need in newborns.