Nokea
Changing Time: I have a major problem with Daylight Saving Time (DST). I really wish they would abolish the practice of changing the time on us every year. 'Spring ahead, Fall back' should disappear from our language.
Although an early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, formerly a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns greatly differ, and research about how DST currently affects energy use is limited and often contradictory. The reason for the time shift has become irrelevant.
DST's occasional clock shifts present other challenges. They complicate timekeeping and can disrupt meetings, travel, billing, recordkeeping, medical devices, and heavy equipment. Many computer-based systems can adjust their clocks automatically, but this can be limited and error-prone, particularly when DST rules change.
I vote to abolish DST. Can I count on your vote?
What statement most accurately reflects the author's attitude about this subject?
- A. DST is an inconvenience and should end.
- B. Natural resources are saved by the use of DST.
- C. DST does not affect occupations that work with animals.
- D. Everyone should vote in the next election.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: DST is an inconvenience and should end.
Rationale:
1. The author expresses a negative attitude towards DST by stating "I really wish they would abolish the practice of changing the time on us every year."
2. The author mentions various challenges and disruptions caused by DST, indicating it is viewed as an inconvenience.
3. The author's call to action to abolish DST further highlights their negative attitude towards it.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because the author does not mention saving natural resources as a reason to abolish DST. Choice C is incorrect as the author does not discuss the impact of DST on specific occupations. Choice D is unrelated to the author's attitude towards DST.
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Food
Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and mental problems. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the countryÄ€™s main health problems, since It places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void, people often turn to food when they are bored or lonely.
Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken drivers contribution to highway deaths, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse.
The author seems to
- A. Favor moderation.
- B. oppose regulation of personal habits.
- C. favor a strict diet.
- D. oppose drinking alcohol.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage discusses the problems associated with food and alcohol abuse, emphasizing the health risks related to overeating and alcohol consumption. However, it does not advocate for extreme measures such as strict diets or complete opposition to alcohol. Instead, the author's focus on the consequences of abuse suggests a preference for moderation in eating and drinking habits. Therefore, the correct answer is A, indicating that the author seems to favor moderation.
Eating
Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different
cultures have developed different methods to accomplish
the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and
learn new ways to do things.
European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and
spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food.
Correct use of this toolĆ¢Ä‚¬Ä„¢s changes with the times-what was
polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners
today.
China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for
eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult
for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a
novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the
watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner.
Space travel has created new challenges for consuming
food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have
enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition.
Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space.
What conclusion can be drawn about the article?
- A. The author explains differences in eating processes.
- B. The author thinks chopsticks are funny.
- C. The best way to eat food is with cutlery.
- D. Space flight is fun and exciting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The author explains differences in eating processes.' The article discusses how different cultures have developed various methods for eating, such as cutlery in European cultures and chopsticks in China. It highlights the challenges and unique tools used for consuming food in different contexts like space travel. The text does not focus on humor related to chopsticks, suggest that cutlery is the best way to eat food, or emphasize space flight as fun and exciting. Therefore, the most accurate conclusion is that the author is explaining the differences in eating processes across cultures.
Nurseries
If you thought nurseries were just for babies, well, think again! Being special kinds of farms, nurseries are used to raise plants in mass quantities. Plants, trees, and shrubs are typically grown in nurseries and then sold to farmers and gardeners to plant in homes, businesses and farms. Most nurseries are found in the more rural parts the country because much land is required to have a viable nursery. If a nursery sells plants to others, it must obtain a special permit from the local city or county, which keeps the competition fair and does not saturate the market with a large number of nurseries selling similar products.
Also on the grounds of nurseries are greenhouses which are made of glass or plastic panes that protect the plants from weather elements that may harm them and cause them not to grow and develop. The glass panels in greenhouses allow for sunlight to enter and moisture to be trapped inside. This creates a tropical environment which allows orchids and poinsettias to grow. It ensures that vegetables and fruits will grow large, which makes them valuable to farmers.
Why do they need a special permit?
- A. To ensure that nurseries follow safety regulations.
- B. Too many nurseries mean that there are not enough buyers for the plants that need to be sold.
- C. To control the quality of plants sold in nurseries.
- D. To provide financial assistance to new nursery owners.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurseries need a special permit to prevent oversaturation of the market with a large number of nurseries selling similar products. If there are too many nurseries, it can lead to a situation where there are not enough buyers for the plants being produced, which can impact the businesses' sustainability and profitability. By regulating the number of nurseries through permits, the local government aims to maintain a balance between supply and demand in the market.
The federal government regulates dietary supplements through the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The regulations for dietary supplements are not the same as those for prescription or over-the-counter drugs. In general, the regulations for dietary supplements are less strict.
To begin with, a manufacturer does not have to prove the safety and effectiveness of a dietary supplement before it is marketed. A manufacturer is permitted to say that a dietary supplement addresses a nutrient deficiency, supports health, or is linked to a particular body function (such as immunity), if there is research to support the claim. Such a claim must be followed by the words Ć¢Ä‚¬Å“This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.Ć¢Ä‚¬Ā¯
Also, manufacturers are expected to follow certain good manufacturing practices (GMPs) to ensure that dietary supplements are processed consistently and meet quality standards.
Requirements for GMPs went into effect in 2008 for large manufacturers and are being phased in for small manufacturers through 2010.
Once a dietary supplement is on the market, the FDA monitors safety and product information, such as label claims and package inserts. If it finds a product to be unsafe, it can take action against the manufacturer and/or distributor and may issue a warning or require that the product be removed from the marketplace. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for regulating product advertising; it requires that all information be truthful and not misleading.
The federal government has taken legal action against a number of dietary supplement promoters or Web sites that promote or sell dietary supplements because they have made false or deceptive statements about their products or because marketed products have proven to be unsafe.
What is the meaning of the phrase phased in as it is used in the third paragraph?
- A. stunned into silence
- B. confused
- C. implemented in stages
- D. legalized
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phrase 'phased in' refers to a process that is implemented gradually or in stages over time. In the context of the paragraph, it means that the requirements for GMPs were gradually introduced for small manufacturers through 2010. This approach allows for a smoother transition and implementation of regulations without overwhelming all manufacturers at once. Therefore, the correct answer is C: 'implemented in stages.' Choices A, B, and D do not accurately reflect the meaning of 'phased in' in this context.
Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait.
Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the
bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of
building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the
builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became
the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge
balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay.
Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area.
What body of water does the Golden Gate Bridge cross?
- A. San Francisco Bay
- B. Pacific Ocean
- C. Marin Strait
- D. Golden Gate Strait
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Golden Gate Bridge crosses over the Golden Gate Strait, linking San Francisco to Marin County in California. The strait connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. It is essential to understand the specific geography of the area to correctly identify the body of water crossed by the bridge. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Golden Gate Strait.