Nokea
What type of diet is recommended for people with seizures or epilepsy?
- A. high carbohydrate diet
- B. fruit-only diet
- C. ketogenic diet
- D. low-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been shown to reduce seizure frequency in some individuals with epilepsy, particularly those who do not respond well to medication. It works by altering the body's metabolism to produce ketones, which may have anticonvulsant effects.
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What is the function of a tendon?
- A. Attaches muscle to bone
- B. Connects bone to bone at the joint
- C. Connects cartilage to muscle in joints
- D. Attaches synovium to the joint capsule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tendons attach muscles to bones.
Which of the following would describe the discomfort experienced by a client with a tension headache?
- A. A heavy feeling over the frontal region
- B. and sensitivity to light
- C. Pressure or steady constriction on both sides of the head
- D. Headache and temporary unilateral paralysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tension headaches often feel like a tight band around the head.
What is the consequence for the ability of motor neurons to find their correct targets, if a section of the spinal cord is rotated, so that the antero-posterior axis is reversed?
- A. Anterior motor neurons enter the limb in a bundle in the posterior instead of the anterior, but then take novel pathways to find the correct anterior muscles to innervate.
- B. Anterior motor neurons enter the limb in a bundle in the posterior instead of the anterior, and follow pathways intended for posterior neurons to make contacts with posterior muscles.
- C. Anterior motor neurons change their course to enter the limb in the anterior, but take their usual pathways to find the correct anterior muscles.
- D. The motor neurons grow over to the other side of the spinal cord and resume their normal pathways into muscles on their normal side of the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the antero-posterior axis of the spinal cord is reversed, motor neurons follow their intrinsic programming and enter the limb in the reversed position. They then innervate muscles based on their new position, leading to incorrect connections. This demonstrates the importance of spatial cues in guiding motor neurons to their correct targets.
Which area of the brain regulates endocrine and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions?
- A. Basal ganglia
- B. Temporal lobe
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Reticular activating system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating endocrine and ANS functions.
A treatment designed to aid production and comprehension of speech is known as group communication treatment. A study by Elman & Berstein-Ellis (1999) showed:
- A. No improvement in functional communication compared with patients not receiving structured treatment.
- B. Significantly more improvement in functional communication compared with patients not receiving structured treatment.
- C. Declined in functional communication compared with patients not receiving structured treatment.
- D. An improvement in non-targetted factors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Group communication treatment is a therapeutic approach aimed at improving speech production and comprehension in individuals with language disorders, such as aphasia. A study by Elman and Berstein-Ellis (1999) demonstrated that this treatment led to significant improvements in functional communication compared to individuals who did not receive structured therapy. The group setting provides opportunities for social interaction and practice, enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment.