Nokea
What uniquely twenty-first century issue challenges today's professional nurse. (select all that apply)
- A. Caring for an aging population
- B. Increased patient acuity
- C. Access to health care services
- D. Expanding technology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Caring for an aging population. This is a uniquely twenty-first-century issue as advancements in healthcare have increased life expectancy, leading to a larger elderly population with complex healthcare needs. Nurses must adapt their skills and knowledge to provide specialized care for this demographic.
B: Increased patient acuity is a common challenge but not unique to the twenty-first century. Nurses have always dealt with varying levels of patient acuity.
C: Access to health care services is an ongoing issue that has been prevalent for many years, not specifically unique to the twenty-first century.
D: Expanding technology is also a significant challenge for nurses in the modern era, but it is not uniquely a twenty-first-century issue as technology has been advancing for decades.
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When should a follow-up letter be written to a recruiter?
- A. Before the interview to thank him or her for granting you the interview
- B. Approximately 2 weeks after you did not get the job to inquire
- C. A few days after the interview
- D. When you are sure you got the position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because following up a few days after the interview shows professionalism and eagerness. It allows you to express gratitude, reiterate your interest, and inquire about the next steps. This timing is crucial as it keeps you fresh in the recruiter's mind without being too pushy.
Choice A is incorrect because it is more appropriate to send a thank-you letter after the interview, not before. Choice B is incorrect as waiting 2 weeks after not getting the job may be too late for effective follow-up. Choice D is incorrect because you should not assume you got the position without confirmation.
A hospital is concerned that the number of medication errors has increased significantly in the past year. A project revealed four causes of medication errors. The above chart was used to help staff and administration know where to focus efforts to reduce errors. Which process improvement tool is used in this situation?
- A. Run chart
- B. Pareto chart
- C. Flowcharts
- D. Cause-and-effect diagrams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pareto chart. A Pareto chart is a quality improvement tool used to prioritize and focus efforts on the most significant causes of a problem. In this case, the hospital used the chart to identify the main causes of medication errors, helping them to allocate resources efficiently. The Pareto principle states that roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes, making it a powerful tool for process improvement.
A: Run chart is used to track data over time but does not prioritize causes like a Pareto chart.
C: Flowcharts are used to map out processes and are helpful for understanding the sequence of activities, not for prioritizing causes.
D: Cause-and-effect diagrams (Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram) are used to identify and organize potential causes of a problem but do not prioritize them like a Pareto chart.
In summary, the Pareto chart is the most appropriate tool in this situation because it helps focus efforts on the most significant causes
A 13-year-old female is brought to the family planning clinic by her enraged father, who has just learned that she is pregnant. The pregnant client states, "I want to have this baby and give it up for adoption." However, the father is adamant that she will disgrace the family and demands that the health care providers tell his daughter that she has a physical condition that would prohibit her from carrying this baby to a viable stage. The nurse realizes that this is a conflict that involves the ethical principle of:
- A. deontology.
- B. veracity.
- C. autonomy.
- D. beneficence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: autonomy. Autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, including the right to accept or refuse treatment. In this scenario, the 13-year-old female has expressed her desire to have the baby and give it up for adoption. By respecting her autonomy, healthcare providers must support her decision, even if it goes against her father's wishes.
A: Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes the importance of following moral rules and duties. While autonomy is a principle within deontology, the main focus in this scenario is on respecting the patient's autonomy rather than following a specific moral rule.
B: Veracity refers to the principle of truth-telling. While honesty is important in healthcare, the main issue in this scenario is respecting the patient's autonomy rather than truth-telling.
D: Beneficence refers to the duty to do good and promote the well-being of the patient. In this scenario, respecting the patient's autonomy is
The nurse prepares to apply sterile gloves needed for a procedure. After introducing self and verifying patient information, the nurse performs hand hygiene. The nurse should open the outer package and then perform steps in which order. Put a comma and space between each answer choice (e.g., a, b, c, d).
- A. Open inner package, taking care not to touch inner surface.
- B. Put the glove on the nondominant hand using the sterile gloved hand.
- C. Put glove on dominant hand by grasping folded cuff edge, touching only inside of cuff.
- D. Adjust each glove carefully by sliding finders under the cuff.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order is to first open the outer package to access the inner package containing the gloves. This ensures that the gloves remain sterile until they are needed. Opening the inner package first would expose the gloves to potential contamination. Putting on the gloves should be done after opening the inner package, starting with the nondominant hand to prevent contamination. Adjusting the gloves carefully should be the final step after both gloves are on to ensure a proper fit. Therefore, choice A is correct as it establishes the correct sequence for maintaining sterility throughout the process.
The Karnofsky prognostication scale is most appropriately used to screen patients with which medical diagnoses?
- A. Respiratory diseases
- B. Cancers
- C. Cardiac diseases
- D. AIDS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Karnofsky Prognostication Scale is commonly used in patients with terminal illness, such as AIDS, to assess their functional status and predict their prognosis. Patients with AIDS often experience rapid decline in health, making this scale useful in determining their overall well-being and potential outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
A: Respiratory diseases - The Karnofsky scale is not commonly used for screening patients with respiratory diseases.
B: Cancers - While the Karnofsky scale can be used for cancer patients, it is most commonly associated with terminal illnesses like AIDS.
C: Cardiac diseases - The Karnofsky scale is not typically used for screening patients with cardiac diseases.