Nokea
When a hand/foot lies alongside the presenting part, the presentation is said to be
- A. Footling
- B. Transverse
- C. Breech
- D. Unstable lie
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Footling. When a hand/foot lies alongside the presenting part, it indicates a footling presentation where the foot is presenting first. This is a type of breech presentation, where the baby's buttocks or feet come out first. A transverse presentation would mean the baby is lying sideways, and an unstable lie refers to the baby's position not being fixed. Therefore, the presence of a hand/foot alongside the presenting part specifically indicates a footling presentation, making choice A the correct answer.
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The comprehensive serologic assessment of a patient with Cushings syndrome is likely to produce which constellation of findings?
- A. Low potassium, high glucose, high white blood cell count
- B. High sodium, polycythemia, low BUN
- C. Low sodium, low potassium, high BUN
- D. High sodium, high chloride, high RBCs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production leading to hyperglycemia (high glucose) and hypokalemia (low potassium). The high white blood cell count is due to the immunosuppressive effects of cortisol. Option B is incorrect as polycythemia is not typically seen in Cushing's syndrome. Option C is incorrect as low sodium and low potassium are not common findings in Cushing's syndrome. Option D is incorrect as high sodium, high chloride, and high RBCs are not typical features of Cushing's syndrome.
The baby dies immediately after birth due to the presence of
- A. Pulmonary stenosis
- B. Aortic coarctation
- C. Truncus arteriosus
- D. Ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Truncus arteriosus. In this condition, there is a single large vessel arising from the heart that gives rise to the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary arteries. This results in mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to severe cyanosis and inadequate oxygenation of the body, causing immediate death after birth.
A: Pulmonary stenosis and B: Aortic coarctation typically do not cause immediate death after birth.
D: Ductus arteriosus is a normal fetal structure that closes shortly after birth and its presence would not directly cause immediate death.
When a hand/foot lies alongside the presenting part, the presentation is said to be
- A. Footling
- B. Transverse
- C. Compound
- D. Cephalic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Compound. When a hand or foot lies alongside the presenting part during childbirth, it is called a compound presentation. This can be a complication as it increases the risk of the presenting part not fitting through the birth canal properly.
A: Footling presentation occurs when the baby's foot or feet are the first to emerge from the birth canal.
B: Transverse presentation is when the baby is lying sideways in the uterus.
D: Cephalic presentation is the ideal position for vaginal delivery, with the baby's head down and ready to be born.
A clinical feature that is suggestive of hypothermia neonatorum is
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypoventilation
- D. Hyperventilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bradycardia. Hypothermia neonatorum is characterized by low body temperature in newborns, which can lead to bradycardia as the heart rate decreases in response to the cold stress. Bradycardia is a common physiological response to hypothermia as the body tries to conserve energy and maintain vital functions. Hyperglycemia, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation are not specific clinical features of hypothermia neonatorum. Hyperglycemia is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes, hypoventilation could be a sign of respiratory distress, and hyperventilation is usually seen in response to metabolic acidosis or anxiety.
Classical vitamin K deficiency bleeding occurs
- A. Within the first 24 hours of birth
- B. Within the neonatal stage
- C. Within the infancy stage
- D. Within the first week of birth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Classical vitamin K deficiency bleeding occurs within the neonatal stage because newborns have low levels of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. This deficiency typically manifests between 1-7 days after birth. Bleeding within the first 24 hours (choice A) is unlikely as it is too early for vitamin K deficiency to cause symptoms. Bleeding within infancy (choice C) is incorrect as it specifically refers to the neonatal stage. Bleeding within the first week of birth (choice D) is a close distractor, but the critical period for classical vitamin K deficiency bleeding is within the neonatal stage, which is slightly more specific than the first week of birth.